What's inside
What's inside
Key Ingredients
Benefits
Concerns
Ingredients Side-by-side
Water
Skin ConditioningGlycerin
HumectantCaprylic/Capric Triglyceride
MaskingPanthenol
Skin ConditioningButylene Glycol
HumectantPropanediol
SolventNiacinamide
Smoothing1,2-Hexanediol
Skin ConditioningDiisostearyl Malate
EmollientCoco-Caprylate/Caprate
EmollientHydrogenated Poly(C6-14 Olefin)
EmollientMalva Sylvestris Flower Extract
Skin ConditioningStearyl Alcohol
EmollientNeopentyl Glycol Diheptanoate
EmollientHydrogenated Olive Oil Lauryl Esters
Emulsion StabilisingPolyglyceryl-2 Stearate
EmulsifyingCetyl Alcohol
EmollientGlyceryl Stearate
EmollientHydroxyethyl Acrylate/Sodium Acryloyldimethyl Taurate Copolymer
Emulsion StabilisingPolyglyceryl-10 Laurate
Skin ConditioningHydrogenated Lecithin
EmulsifyingDimethicone
EmollientAcrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer
Emulsion StabilisingTromethamine
BufferingAnthemis Nobilis Flower Oil
MaskingEthylhexylglycerin
Skin ConditioningXanthan Gum
EmulsifyingThuja Occidentalis Leaf Oil
MaskingAdenosine
Skin ConditioningSorbitan Isostearate
EmulsifyingLactococcus Ferment Lysate
Skin ConditioningCoptis Japonica Extract
AntimicrobialAscorbic Acid
AntioxidantCitrus Aurantium Amara Flower Extract
RefreshingCollagen Extract
Skin ConditioningCyanocobalamin
Skin ConditioningMaltodextrin
AbsorbentMagnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate
AntioxidantAscorbyl Tetraisopalmitate
AntioxidantSodium Starch Octenylsuccinate
AbsorbentCalcium Pantothenate
Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate
AntioxidantPolyglyceryl-10 Diisostearate
EmulsifyingGardenia Florida Fruit Extract
Skin ConditioningSodium Polyphosphate
Tocopheryl Acetate
AntioxidantPyridoxine Hcl
Skin ConditioningSodium Ascorbate
AntioxidantLecithin
EmollientPolysorbate 20
EmulsifyingMenadione
MaskingTricalcium Phosphate
AbrasiveSilica
AbrasiveCopper Tripeptide-1
Skin ConditioningBiotin
AntiseborrhoeicPyridoxine
Skin ConditioningFolic Acid
Skin ConditioningTocopherol
AntioxidantTripeptide-1
Skin ConditioningRiboflavin
Cosmetic ColorantThiamine Hcl
MaskingPalmitoyl Tripeptide-1
Skin ConditioningLinoleic Acid
CleansingTripeptide-2
Skin ConditioningHexapeptide-1
Skin ConditioningBeta-Carotene
Skin ConditioningAcetyl Hexapeptide-8
HumectantPalmitoyl Tetrapeptide-7
Skin ConditioningPalmitoyl Pentapeptide-4
Skin ConditioningHexapeptide-9
Skin ConditioningNonapeptide-1
Skin ConditioningDisodium EDTA
Water, Glycerin, Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride, Panthenol, Butylene Glycol, Propanediol, Niacinamide, 1,2-Hexanediol, Diisostearyl Malate, Coco-Caprylate/Caprate, Hydrogenated Poly(C6-14 Olefin), Malva Sylvestris Flower Extract, Stearyl Alcohol, Neopentyl Glycol Diheptanoate, Hydrogenated Olive Oil Lauryl Esters, Polyglyceryl-2 Stearate, Cetyl Alcohol, Glyceryl Stearate, Hydroxyethyl Acrylate/Sodium Acryloyldimethyl Taurate Copolymer, Polyglyceryl-10 Laurate, Hydrogenated Lecithin, Dimethicone, Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer, Tromethamine, Anthemis Nobilis Flower Oil, Ethylhexylglycerin, Xanthan Gum, Thuja Occidentalis Leaf Oil, Adenosine, Sorbitan Isostearate, Lactococcus Ferment Lysate, Coptis Japonica Extract, Ascorbic Acid, Citrus Aurantium Amara Flower Extract, Collagen Extract, Cyanocobalamin, Maltodextrin, Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate, Ascorbyl Tetraisopalmitate, Sodium Starch Octenylsuccinate, Calcium Pantothenate, Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate, Polyglyceryl-10 Diisostearate, Gardenia Florida Fruit Extract, Sodium Polyphosphate, Tocopheryl Acetate, Pyridoxine Hcl, Sodium Ascorbate, Lecithin, Polysorbate 20, Menadione, Tricalcium Phosphate, Silica, Copper Tripeptide-1, Biotin, Pyridoxine, Folic Acid, Tocopherol, Tripeptide-1, Riboflavin, Thiamine Hcl, Palmitoyl Tripeptide-1, Linoleic Acid, Tripeptide-2, Hexapeptide-1, Beta-Carotene, Acetyl Hexapeptide-8, Palmitoyl Tetrapeptide-7, Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-4, Hexapeptide-9, Nonapeptide-1, Disodium EDTA
Water
Skin ConditioningButylene Glycol
Humectant1,2-Hexanediol
Skin ConditioningNiacinamide
SmoothingAmmonium Acryloyldimethyltaurate/Beheneth-25 Methacrylate Crosspolymer
Emulsion StabilisingTromethamine
BufferingPolyglyceryl-4 Caprate
EmulsifyingAcrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer
Emulsion StabilisingCarbomer
Emulsion StabilisingEthylhexylglycerin
Skin ConditioningAdenosine
Skin ConditioningCharcoal Powder
AbrasiveLavandula Angustifolia Oil
MaskingCitrus Aurantium Bergamia Fruit Oil
MaskingCitrus Aurantium Dulcis Peel Oil
MaskingTrehalose
HumectantAniba Rosaeodora Wood Oil
AstringentGardenia Florida Fruit Extract
Skin ConditioningRosmarinus Officinalis Leaf Oil
MaskingEucalyptus Globulus Leaf Oil
PerfumingDipropylene Glycol
HumectantMaltodextrin
AbsorbentRibes Nigrum Fruit Extract
AstringentInonotus Obliquus Extract
Skin ConditioningSambucus Nigra Fruit Extract
AstringentRhus Semialata Gall Extract
Skin ConditioningPaeonia Suffruticosa Root Extract
Skin ProtectingRubus Fruticosus Fruit Extract
AstringentSolanum Melongena Fruit Extract
Skin ConditioningSesamum Indicum Seed Extract
Skin ConditioningGlycine Soja Seed Extract
Skin ConditioningCassia Obtusifolia Seed Extract
Skin ConditioningFagus Sylvatica Seed Extract
Skin ConditioningAllium Sativum Bulb Extract
Skin ConditioningPrunus Mume Fruit Extract
HumectantEuterpe Oleracea Fruit Extract
Morus Alba Fruit Extract
AntioxidantCinnamomum Cassia Bark Extract
MaskingRose Extract
Skin ConditioningUndaria Pinnatifida Extract
Skin ConditioningAnnona Cherimola Fruit Extract
Skin ConditioningTheobroma Cacao Extract
Skin ConditioningVitis Vinifera Fruit Extract
Skin ConditioningCorthellus Shiitake Extract
Skin ProtectingPiper Nigrum Seed Extract
RefreshingPorphyra Yezoensis Extract
Skin ConditioningCoffea Arabica Seed Extract
MaskingSepia Extract
Skin ConditioningPrunus Mume Seed Extract
Skin ConditioningPortulaca Oleracea Extract
Skin ConditioningLilium Tigrinum Extract
Skin ConditioningNelumbo Nucifera Flower Extract
Skin ConditioningDioscorea Japonica Root Extract
Skin ConditioningPassiflora Edulis Fruit Extract
Skin ConditioningPsidium Guajava Fruit Extract
AstringentSwiftlet Nest Extract
Skin ConditioningHoney Extract
HumectantLaminaria Japonica Extract
Skin ProtectingAngelica Gigas Root Extract
Skin ConditioningLepidium Meyenii Root Extract
Skin ConditioningMalva Sylvestris Extract
AstringentGarcinia Mangostana Peel Extract
Skin ConditioningMangifera Indica Fruit Extract
Skin ConditioningMalt Extract
Skin ProtectingChaenomeles Sinensis Fruit Extract
AntioxidantMusa Sapientum Fruit Extract
Skin ConditioningCornus Officinalis Fruit Extract
Skin ConditioningHippophae Rhamnoides Extract
MaskingAchillea Millefolium Extract
CleansingAcer Saccharum Extract
Skin ConditioningOryza Sativa Bran Extract
Skin ConditioningJania Rubens Extract
Skin ConditioningArgania Spinosa Kernel Extract
Skin ConditioningLinum Usitatissimum Seed Extract
PerfumingAngelica Archangelica Root Extract
MaskingAloe Barbadensis Leaf Extract
EmollientForsythia Suspensa Fruit Extract
AntioxidantCitrus Aurantium Dulcis Flower Extract
Skin ConditioningSchisandra Chinensis Fruit Extract
Skin ConditioningCucumis Sativus Fruit Extract
EmollientHibiscus Esculentus Fruit Extract
Skin ConditioningLaurus Nobilis Leaf Extract
MaskingHamamelis Virginiana Leaf Extract
Skin ConditioningCitrus Junos Fruit Extract
Skin ConditioningLithospermum Erythrorhizon Root Extract
Skin ConditioningMagnolia Liliflora Flower Extract
Skin ConditioningAcorus Calamus Root Extract
PerfumingCnidium Officinale Root Extract
Skin ConditioningAsparagus Cochinchinensis Root Extract
Skin ConditioningAverrhoa Carambola Fruit Extract
Skin ConditioningUncaria Tomentosa Extract
Skin ConditioningCocos Nucifera Fruit Extract
EmollientChenopodium Quinoa Seed Extract
Skin ConditioningSalicornia Herbacea Extract
Skin ConditioningPlumeria Rubra Flower Extract
Skin ConditioningHydrolyzed Coral
Skin ConditioningLaminaria Digitata Extract
Skin ProtectingPanax Ginseng Root Extract
EmollientPaeonia Lactiflora Root Extract
Skin ConditioningAgaricus Blazei Extract
Skin ConditioningSaposhnikovia Divaricata Root Extract
AntimicrobialChrysanthemum Zawadskii Extract
Skin ConditioningOpuntia Ficus-Indica Fruit Extract
Skin ConditioningPinus Densiflora Leaf Extract
AntimicrobialCucurbita Pepo Fruit Extract
Skin ConditioningRubus Fruticosus Leaf Extract
MaskingAgaricus Bisporus Extract
Skin ConditioningAtractylodes Japonica Rhizome Extract
Skin ConditioningAcetyl Glucosamine
Skin ConditioningThioctic Acid
AntioxidantCholesterol
EmollientHyaluronic Acid
HumectantYeast Ferment Extract
Skin ConditioningGlycerin
HumectantAdansonia Digitata Leaf Extract
Skin ConditioningLactobacillus
Skin ConditioningChrysanthellum Indicum Extract
Skin ConditioningOenothera Biennis Flower Extract
AstringentCamellia Japonica Seed Extract
Skin ConditioningFragaria Chiloensis Fruit Extract
Skin ConditioningMelissa Officinalis Leaf Extract
Skin ConditioningAesculus Hippocastanum Extract
AntioxidantFicus Carica Fruit Extract
HumectantPrunus Persica Fruit Extract
AbrasiveAchillea Millefolium Flower Extract
AntioxidantPersea Gratissima Fruit Extract
EmollientGypsophila Paniculata Root Extract
Skin ConditioningMentha Rotundifolia Leaf Extract
TonicNelumbo Nucifera Seed Extract
AntimicrobialCananga Odorata Flower Extract
PerfumingJasminum Officinale Flower Extract
MaskingSymphytum Officinale Leaf Extract
Skin ConditioningSimmondsia Chinensis Seed Extract
AbrasiveNelumbium Speciosum Flower Extract
Skin ConditioningLactobacillus/Soybean Ferment Extract
Skin ConditioningLens Esculenta Fruit Extract
Skin ConditioningOctyldodecanol
EmollientCeramide NP
Skin ConditioningPhellinus Linteus Extract
Skin ConditioningCentella Asiatica Extract
CleansingHouttuynia Cordata Extract
Skin ConditioningCaprylic/Capric Triglyceride
MaskingHydrogenated Lecithin
EmulsifyingOryza Sativa Extract
AbsorbentPolygonum Cuspidatum Root Extract
AntioxidantScutellaria Baicalensis Root Extract
AstringentGlycyrrhiza Glabra Root Extract
BleachingCamellia Sinensis Leaf Extract
AntimicrobialVaccinium Angustifolium Fruit Extract
Skin ProtectingPunica Granatum Flower Extract
Skin ConditioningSodium Hyaluronate
HumectantPearl Extract
AntioxidantPropolis Extract
Skin ConditioningHydrolyzed Hyaluronic Acid
HumectantRosmarinus Officinalis Leaf Extract
AntimicrobialChamomilla Recutita Flower Extract
MaskingBeta-Glucan
Skin ConditioningLimonene
PerfumingLinalool
PerfumingWater, Butylene Glycol, 1,2-Hexanediol, Niacinamide, Ammonium Acryloyldimethyltaurate/Beheneth-25 Methacrylate Crosspolymer, Tromethamine, Polyglyceryl-4 Caprate, Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer, Carbomer, Ethylhexylglycerin, Adenosine, Charcoal Powder, Lavandula Angustifolia Oil, Citrus Aurantium Bergamia Fruit Oil, Citrus Aurantium Dulcis Peel Oil, Trehalose, Aniba Rosaeodora Wood Oil, Gardenia Florida Fruit Extract, Rosmarinus Officinalis Leaf Oil, Eucalyptus Globulus Leaf Oil, Dipropylene Glycol, Maltodextrin, Ribes Nigrum Fruit Extract, Inonotus Obliquus Extract, Sambucus Nigra Fruit Extract, Rhus Semialata Gall Extract, Paeonia Suffruticosa Root Extract, Rubus Fruticosus Fruit Extract, Solanum Melongena Fruit Extract, Sesamum Indicum Seed Extract, Glycine Soja Seed Extract, Cassia Obtusifolia Seed Extract, Fagus Sylvatica Seed Extract, Allium Sativum Bulb Extract, Prunus Mume Fruit Extract, Euterpe Oleracea Fruit Extract, Morus Alba Fruit Extract, Cinnamomum Cassia Bark Extract, Rose Extract, Undaria Pinnatifida Extract, Annona Cherimola Fruit Extract, Theobroma Cacao Extract, Vitis Vinifera Fruit Extract, Corthellus Shiitake Extract, Piper Nigrum Seed Extract, Porphyra Yezoensis Extract, Coffea Arabica Seed Extract, Sepia Extract, Prunus Mume Seed Extract, Portulaca Oleracea Extract, Lilium Tigrinum Extract, Nelumbo Nucifera Flower Extract, Dioscorea Japonica Root Extract, Passiflora Edulis Fruit Extract, Psidium Guajava Fruit Extract, Swiftlet Nest Extract, Honey Extract, Laminaria Japonica Extract, Angelica Gigas Root Extract, Lepidium Meyenii Root Extract, Malva Sylvestris Extract, Garcinia Mangostana Peel Extract, Mangifera Indica Fruit Extract, Malt Extract, Chaenomeles Sinensis Fruit Extract, Musa Sapientum Fruit Extract, Cornus Officinalis Fruit Extract, Hippophae Rhamnoides Extract, Achillea Millefolium Extract, Acer Saccharum Extract, Oryza Sativa Bran Extract, Jania Rubens Extract, Argania Spinosa Kernel Extract, Linum Usitatissimum Seed Extract, Angelica Archangelica Root Extract, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Extract, Forsythia Suspensa Fruit Extract, Citrus Aurantium Dulcis Flower Extract, Schisandra Chinensis Fruit Extract, Cucumis Sativus Fruit Extract, Hibiscus Esculentus Fruit Extract, Laurus Nobilis Leaf Extract, Hamamelis Virginiana Leaf Extract, Citrus Junos Fruit Extract, Lithospermum Erythrorhizon Root Extract, Magnolia Liliflora Flower Extract, Acorus Calamus Root Extract, Cnidium Officinale Root Extract, Asparagus Cochinchinensis Root Extract, Averrhoa Carambola Fruit Extract, Uncaria Tomentosa Extract, Cocos Nucifera Fruit Extract, Chenopodium Quinoa Seed Extract, Salicornia Herbacea Extract, Plumeria Rubra Flower Extract, Hydrolyzed Coral, Laminaria Digitata Extract, Panax Ginseng Root Extract, Paeonia Lactiflora Root Extract, Agaricus Blazei Extract, Saposhnikovia Divaricata Root Extract, Chrysanthemum Zawadskii Extract, Opuntia Ficus-Indica Fruit Extract, Pinus Densiflora Leaf Extract, Cucurbita Pepo Fruit Extract, Rubus Fruticosus Leaf Extract, Agaricus Bisporus Extract, Atractylodes Japonica Rhizome Extract, Acetyl Glucosamine, Thioctic Acid, Cholesterol, Hyaluronic Acid, Yeast Ferment Extract, Glycerin, Adansonia Digitata Leaf Extract, Lactobacillus, Chrysanthellum Indicum Extract, Oenothera Biennis Flower Extract, Camellia Japonica Seed Extract, Fragaria Chiloensis Fruit Extract, Melissa Officinalis Leaf Extract, Aesculus Hippocastanum Extract, Ficus Carica Fruit Extract, Prunus Persica Fruit Extract, Achillea Millefolium Flower Extract, Persea Gratissima Fruit Extract, Gypsophila Paniculata Root Extract, Mentha Rotundifolia Leaf Extract, Nelumbo Nucifera Seed Extract, Cananga Odorata Flower Extract, Jasminum Officinale Flower Extract, Symphytum Officinale Leaf Extract, Simmondsia Chinensis Seed Extract, Nelumbium Speciosum Flower Extract, Lactobacillus/Soybean Ferment Extract, Lens Esculenta Fruit Extract, Octyldodecanol, Ceramide NP, Phellinus Linteus Extract, Centella Asiatica Extract, Houttuynia Cordata Extract, Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride, Hydrogenated Lecithin, Oryza Sativa Extract, Polygonum Cuspidatum Root Extract, Scutellaria Baicalensis Root Extract, Glycyrrhiza Glabra Root Extract, Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract, Vaccinium Angustifolium Fruit Extract, Punica Granatum Flower Extract, Sodium Hyaluronate, Pearl Extract, Propolis Extract, Hydrolyzed Hyaluronic Acid, Rosmarinus Officinalis Leaf Extract, Chamomilla Recutita Flower Extract, Beta-Glucan, Limonene, Linalool
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Alternatives
Ingredients Explained
These ingredients are found in both products.
Ingredients higher up in an ingredient list are typically present in a larger amount.
1,2-Hexanediol is a synthetic liquid and another multi-functional powerhouse.
It is a:
- Humectant, drawing moisture into the skin
- Emollient, helping to soften skin
- Solvent, dispersing and stabilizing formulas
- Preservative booster, enhancing the antimicrobial activity of other preservatives
Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer is a synthetic polymer. It is used to thicken and improve the texture of products. Due to its properties, it can prevent water and oil ingredients from separating.
Adenosine is in every living organism. It is one of four components in nucleic acids that helps store our DNA.
Adenosine has many benefits when used. These benefits include hydrating the skin, smoothing skin, and reducing wrinkles. Once applied, adenosine increases collagen production. It also helps with improving firmness and tissue repair.
Studies have found adenosine may also help with wound healing.
In skincare products, Adenosine is usually derived from yeast.
Learn more about AdenosineButylene Glycol (or BG) is used within cosmetic products for a few different reasons:
Overall, Butylene Glycol is a safe and well-rounded ingredient that works well with other ingredients.
Though this ingredient works well with most skin types, some people with sensitive skin may experience a reaction such as allergic rashes, closed comedones, or itchiness.
Learn more about Butylene GlycolThis ingredient is an emollient, solvent, and texture enhancer. It is considered a skin-softener by helping the skin prevent moisture loss.
It helps thicken a product's formula and makes it easier to spread by dissolving clumping compounds.
Caprylic Triglyceride is made by combining glycerin with coconut oil, forming a clear liquid.
While there is an assumption Caprylic Triglyceride can clog pores due to it being derived from coconut oil, there is no research supporting this.
Learn more about Caprylic/Capric TriglycerideEthylhexylglycerin (we can't pronounce this either) is commonly used as a preservative and skin softener. It is derived from glyceryl.
You might see Ethylhexylglycerin often paired with other preservatives such as phenoxyethanol. Ethylhexylglycerin has been found to increase the effectiveness of these other preservatives.
We don't have a description for Gardenia Florida Fruit Extract yet.
Glycerin is already naturally found in your skin. It helps moisturize and protect your skin.
A study from 2016 found glycerin to be more effective as a humectant than AHAs and hyaluronic acid.
As a humectant, it helps the skin stay hydrated by pulling moisture to your skin. The low molecular weight of glycerin allows it to pull moisture into the deeper layers of your skin.
Hydrated skin improves your skin barrier; Your skin barrier helps protect against irritants and bacteria.
Glycerin has also been found to have antimicrobial and antiviral properties. Due to these properties, glycerin is often used in wound and burn treatments.
In cosmetics, glycerin is usually derived from plants such as soybean or palm. However, it can also be sourced from animals, such as tallow or animal fat.
This ingredient is organic, colorless, odorless, and non-toxic.
Glycerin is the name for this ingredient in American English. British English uses Glycerol/Glycerine.
Learn more about GlycerinHydrogenated Lecithin is created from the hydrogenation of lecithin (a group of phospholipids). Hydrogenation is a chemical reaction between hydrogen and another element.
This ingredient is an emollient and emulsifier. As an emollient, it helps soften skin by trapping moisture within. As an emulsifier, it prevents oil and water ingredients from separating.
Maltodextrin is a polysaccharide. It is derived from starch such as rice, corn, wheat, or potato starch.
In food, Maltodextrin is used to improve the texture and thicken a product. Due to its structure, it can help create a gel texture. As an emulsion stabilizer, it helps keep the ingredients in a product together.
As a polysaccharide, Maltodextrin has moisturizing properties. Polysaccharides are a type of carbohydrate. The top layer of skin uses polysaccharides to retain water, keeping the skin hydrated.
Maltodextrin is water soluble and has a sweet taste.
Learn more about MaltodextrinNiacinamide is a multitasking form of vitamin B3 that strengthens the skin barrier, reduces pores and dark spots, regulates oil, and improves signs of aging.
And the best part? It's gentle and well-tolerated by most skin types, including sensitive and reactive skin.
You might have heard of "niacin flush", or the reddening of skin that causes itchiness. Niacinamide has not been found to cause this.
In very rare cases, some individuals may not be able to tolerate niacinamide at all or experience an allergic reaction to it.
If you are experiencing flaking, irritation, and dryness with this ingredient, be sure to double check all your products as this ingredient can be found in all categories of skincare.
When incorporating niacinamide into your routine, look out for concentration amounts. Typically, 5% niacinamide provides benefits such as fading dark spots. However, if you have sensitive skin, it is better to begin with a smaller concentration.
When you apply niacinamide to your skin, your body converts it into nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). NAD is an essential coenzyme that is already found in your cells as "fuel" and powers countless biological processes.
In your skin, NAD helps repair cell damage, produce new healthy cells, support collagen production, strengthen the skin barrier, and fight environmental stressors (like UV and pollution).
Our natural NAD levels start to decline with age, leading to slower skin repair, visible aging, and a weaker skin barrier. By providing your skin niacinamide, you're recharging your skin's NAD levels. This leads to stronger, healthier, and younger looking skin.
Another name for vitamin B3 is nicotinamide. This vitamin is water-soluble and our bodies don't store it. We obtain Vitamin B3 from either food or skincare. Meat, fish, wheat, yeast, and leafy greens contain vitamin B3.
The type of niacinamide used in skincare is synthetically created.
Learn more about NiacinamideTromethamine helps balance the pH and improve the texture of a product. It is synthetically created.
As an emulsifier, Tromethamine prevents oil and water ingredients from separating. This helps stabilize the product and elongate a product's shelf life. Tromethamine also makes a product thicker.
Tromethamine helps balance the pH level of a product. Normal pH level of skin is slightly acidic (~4.75-5.5). The acidity of our skin is maintained by our glands and skin biome. Being slightly acidic allows our skin to create an "acid mantle". This acid mantle is a thin barrier that protects our skin from bacteria and contaminants.
Oral Tromethanmine is an anti-inflammatory drug but plays the role of masking, adding fragrance, and/or balancing pH in skincare.
1,3-Propanediol, 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)-
Learn more about TromethamineWater. It's the most common cosmetic ingredient of all. You'll usually see it at the top of ingredient lists, meaning that it makes up the largest part of the product.
So why is it so popular? Water most often acts as a solvent - this means that it helps dissolve other ingredients into the formulation.
You'll also recognize water as that liquid we all need to stay alive. If you see this, drink a glass of water. Stay hydrated!
Learn more about Water