What's inside
What's inside
Key Ingredients
Benefits
Concerns
Ingredients Side-by-side
Water
Skin ConditioningCaprylic/Capric Triglyceride
Masking
Propanediol
Solvent
Cetearyl Alcohol
Emollient
Glycerin
Humectant
Panthenol
Skin Conditioning
Prunus Armeniaca Kernel Oil
Masking
Oleic/Linoleic/Linolenic Polyglycerides
Emollient
Cetearyl Olivate
Xylitylglucoside
Humectant
Squalane
Emollient
Ectoin
Skin Conditioning
Helianthus Annuus Sprout Extract
Skin ConditioningCentella Asiatica Leaf Extract
Skin Conditioning
Madecassoside
Antioxidant
Ceramide NP
Skin Conditioning
Ceramide AP
Skin Conditioning
Ceramide EOP
Skin Conditioning
Lactobacillus Ferment
Skin Conditioning
Anhydroxylitol
Humectant
Sorbitan Olivate
Emulsifying
Potassium Cetyl Phosphate
EmulsifyingPhenoxyethanol
Preservative
Carbomer
Emulsion StabilisingGlyceryl Stearate
Emollient
Jojoba Esters
Emollient
Benzyl Alcohol
Perfuming
Maltodextrin
Absorbent
Xylitol
Humectant
Sodium Lauroyl Lactylate
EmulsifyingButylene Glycol
Humectant
Disodium Stearoyl Glutamate
CleansingHelianthus Annuus Seed Wax
Skin Conditioning
Sodium Hydroxide
BufferingEthylhexylglycerin
Skin ConditioningDehydroacetic Acid
Preservative
Phytosphingosine
Skin Conditioning
Cholesterol
Emollient
Polyglycerin-3
Humectant
Xanthan Gum
EmulsifyingSodium Benzoate
Masking
Water, Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride, Propanediol, Cetearyl Alcohol, Glycerin, Panthenol, Prunus Armeniaca Kernel Oil, Oleic/Linoleic/Linolenic Polyglycerides, Cetearyl Olivate, Xylitylglucoside, Squalane, Ectoin, Helianthus Annuus Sprout Extract, Centella Asiatica Leaf Extract, Madecassoside, Ceramide NP, Ceramide AP, Ceramide EOP, Lactobacillus Ferment, Anhydroxylitol, Sorbitan Olivate, Potassium Cetyl Phosphate, Phenoxyethanol, Carbomer, Glyceryl Stearate, Jojoba Esters, Benzyl Alcohol, Maltodextrin, Xylitol, Sodium Lauroyl Lactylate, Butylene Glycol, Disodium Stearoyl Glutamate, Helianthus Annuus Seed Wax, Sodium Hydroxide, Ethylhexylglycerin, Dehydroacetic Acid, Phytosphingosine, Cholesterol, Polyglycerin-3, Xanthan Gum, Sodium Benzoate
Water
Skin ConditioningParaffinum Liquidum
Emollient
Cetearyl Alcohol
Emollient
Glycerin
Humectant
Dimethicone
Emollient
Petrolatum
Emollient
Glyceryl Stearate
Emollient
Paraffin
Skin ConditioningButyrospermum Parkii Butter
Skin Conditioning
Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride
Masking
Cetyl Alcohol
Emollient
PEG-100 Stearate
Surfactant
Carbomer
Emulsion StabilisingSodium Benzoate
Masking
Tocopheryl Acetate
Antioxidant
Pentylene Glycol
Skin Conditioning
Parfum
Masking
Disodium EDTA
PEG-35 Castor Oil
Emulsifying
Sodium Hydroxide
BufferingLactic Acid
Buffering
Serine
Masking
Sodium Lactate
Buffering
Urea
Buffering
Sorbitol
Humectant
Aesculus Hippocastanum Seed Extract
Skin ConditioningAlcohol Denat.
Antimicrobial
Tocopherol
Antioxidant
2-Bromo-2-Nitropropane-1,3-Diol
Preservative
Sodium Chloride
MaskingPolysorbate 20
Emulsifying
Allantoin
Skin Conditioning
Calcium Pantothenate
Inositol
Humectant
Linoleic Acid
Cleansing
Retinyl Palmitate
Skin Conditioning
Biotin
AntiseborrhoeicVaccinium Macrocarpon Seed Oil
Skin Conditioning
Butylphenyl Methylpropional
Perfuming
Linalool
Perfuming
Benzyl Salicylate
Perfuming
Hydroxyisohexyl 3-Cyclohexene Carboxaldehyde
Masking
Limonene
Perfuming
Citronellol
Perfuming
Hexyl Cinnamal
Perfuming
Water, Paraffinum Liquidum, Cetearyl Alcohol, Glycerin, Dimethicone, Petrolatum, Glyceryl Stearate, Paraffin, Butyrospermum Parkii Butter, Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride, Cetyl Alcohol, PEG-100 Stearate, Carbomer, Sodium Benzoate, Tocopheryl Acetate, Pentylene Glycol, Parfum, Disodium EDTA, PEG-35 Castor Oil, Sodium Hydroxide, Lactic Acid, Serine, Sodium Lactate, Urea, Sorbitol, Aesculus Hippocastanum Seed Extract, Alcohol Denat., Tocopherol, 2-Bromo-2-Nitropropane-1,3-Diol, Sodium Chloride, Polysorbate 20, Allantoin, Calcium Pantothenate, Inositol, Linoleic Acid, Retinyl Palmitate, Biotin, Vaccinium Macrocarpon Seed Oil, Butylphenyl Methylpropional, Linalool, Benzyl Salicylate, Hydroxyisohexyl 3-Cyclohexene Carboxaldehyde, Limonene, Citronellol, Hexyl Cinnamal
Ingredients Explained
These ingredients are found in both products.
Ingredients higher up in an ingredient list are typically present in a larger amount.
Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (aka MCT Oil) is a lightweight emollient, solvent, and texture enhancer. It is considered a skin-softener by helping to prevent moisture loss.
Though it behaves like an oil, it is not technically one due to its chemical composition. One perk of this ingredient is that it is very stable, resistant to oxidation, and unlikely to go rancid.
In practice, that translates to a long shelf life and a consistently elegant skin feel.
While there is an assumption Caprylic Triglyceride can clog pores due to it being derived from coconut oil, there is no research supporting this. Just patch test if you have concerns.
Fractionated coconut oil and MCT Oil are both listed as Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride according to INCI. This is because INCI names are based on the ingredient’s final chemical composition and not its marketing name or source.
This ingredient is treated as the gold standard fungal acne safe oil. Even though it is coconut derived, the problematic lauric acid is stripped out.
This leaves just caprylic (C8) and capric (C10) acid. These chain lengths actually trend antifungal; a 2020 study found caprylic acid was enough to disrupt Malassezia furfur cell membrane, with a caprylic acid derivative damaging membrane structures at concentrations as low as 0.2%.
Learn more about Caprylic/Capric TriglycerideCarbomer is a high-molecular weight polymer of acrylic acid. It is used to form gels and thicken formulas.
Due to its large molecular size, carbomer has minimal skin penetration and is considered an inert ingredient.
A high amount of carbomer can cause pilling or balling up of products. Don't worry, most products contain 1% or less of carbomer.
Learn more about CarbomerCetearyl alcohol is a waxy mixture of two fatty alcohols: cetyl alcohol and stearyl alcohol. It is an emollient and emulsifier.
Despite having "alcohol" in its name, it has nothing to do with drying solvent alcohols; the FDA also allows "alcohol-free" products to contain fatty alcohols like this ingredient.
It plays several roles in a formula:
Typical use levels for this ingredient sit around 1-10% and the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel has affirmed safety at concentrations up to 25% in leave-on products.
Multiple assessments have found it to be non-irritating and non-sensitizing to most people.
However, there have been some cases of allergic contact dermatitis in patients with chronically compromised skin barriers.
Cetearyl alcohol has a comedogenic rating of 2 and irritancy rating of 1. Both of these numbers come from the 1989 study that used rabbit ears; a "2" means mildly comedogenic and a "1" means low irritancy.
Here's the catch: rabbit skin is more sensitive than human skin and throws a lot of false positives. A 1996 reappraisal found that ingredients rated 1-2 in the rabbit ear tests are generally safe for humans.
Remember comedogenic ratings are unable to assess the entire formula of a product or how it will react on your skin. Just be sure to patch test if you are unsure about certain ingredients.
This ingredient is not fungal acne safe. Cetearyl alcohol is a fatty alcohol with chain lengths that fall within the range that Malassezia can metabolize.
A 2019 study has also observed Malassezia growth in the presence of this ingredient, confirming it to be not-fungal acne safe.
Learn more about Cetearyl AlcoholGlycerin (or glycerol) is a compound naturally found in your skin. It's a powerhouse humectant that pulls water into the stratum corneum.
Topically, glycerin does several things at once:
Your skin makes glycerin on its own (mostly from sebaceous oil breakdown) and shuttles it to your outermost layer of skin, or your epidermis, via aquaporin-3.
Aquaporin-3 is a transporter that is essential for normal skin hydration, elasticity, and repair. Interestingly, mice lacking in AQP3 have dry and less elastic skin that can be fully corrected with glycerin.
This ingredient is non-irritating, plays well with almost every ingredient, and works across all skin types. Typical use is anywhere between 3-10% but can go up to 79% in some leave-on products.
Just know very high concentrations (>40%) can feel tacky in low humidity.
Glycerin is the name for this ingredient in American English. British English uses Glycerol/Glycerine.
Learn more about GlycerinGlyceryl Stearate is made by reacting glycerin with stearic acid (typically sourced from plant oils like palm or coconut). It's an emulsifier, emollient, and mild occlusive.
Emulsifiers help ingredients like oil and water stay mixed so your formula stays nicely blended and uniform in texture.
This ingredient is typically used in concentrations between 1-10%. Studies have found it to be non-sensitizing, non-phototoxic, and non-photoallergenic.
A close cousin of this ingredient is Glyceryl Stearate SE ("self-emulsifying"). This just has a small amount of sodium or potassium stearate added so it can emulsify without a co-emulsifier.
Since this ingredient is an ester of a C18 fatty acid, it may not be fungal acne safe. The Malassezia yeast can potentially metabolize within the C11-C24 range.
Fun fact: The human body also creates Glyceryl Stearate naturally.
Learn more about Glyceryl StearateSodium Benzoate is a preservative. It's used in both cosmetic and food products to inhibit the growth of mold and bacteria. It is typically produced synthetically.
Both the US FDA and EU Health Committee have approved the use of sodium benzoate. In the US, levels of 0.1% (of the total product) are allowed.
Sodium benzoate works as a preservative by inhibiting the growth of bacteria inside of cells. It prevents the cell from fermenting a type of sugar using an enzyme called phosphofructokinase.
It is the salt of benzoic acid. Foods containing sodium benzoate include soda, salad dressings, condiments, fruit juices, wines, and snack foods.
Studies for using ascorbic acid and sodium benzoate in cosmetics are lacking, especially in skincare routines with multiple steps.
We always recommend speaking with a professional, such as a dermatologist, if you have any concerns.
Learn more about Sodium BenzoateSodium Hydroxide is also known as lye or caustic soda. It is used to adjust the pH of products; many ingredients require a specific pH to be effective.
In small amounts, sodium hydroxide is considered safe to use. However, large amounts may cause chemical burns due to its high alkaline.
Your skin has a natural pH and acid mantle. This acid mantle helps prevent harmful bacteria from breaking through. The acid mantle also helps keep your skin hydrated.
"Alkaline" refers to a high pH level. A low pH level would be considered acidic.
Learn more about Sodium HydroxideWater. It's the most common cosmetic ingredient of all. You'll usually see it at the top of ingredient lists, meaning that it makes up the largest part of the product.
So why is it so popular? Water most often acts as a solvent - this means that it helps dissolve other ingredients into the formulation.
You'll also recognize water as that liquid we all need to stay alive. If you see this, drink a glass of water. Remember to stay hydrated!
Learn more about Water
