What's inside
What's inside
Key Ingredients
Benefits
Concerns
Ingredients Side-by-side
Water
Skin ConditioningAloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice
Skin ConditioningCaprylic/Capric Triglyceride
MaskingGlycerin
HumectantButyrospermum Parkii Butter
Skin ConditioningCetearyl Alcohol
EmollientLactic Acid
BufferingEthylhexyl Polyhydroxystearate
EmollientStearyl Alcohol
EmollientTrimethylolpropane Tricaprylate/Tricaprate
EmollientPropanediol
SolventCoconut Alkanes
EmollientSodium Hydroxide
BufferingGlycolic Acid
BufferingCitric Acid
BufferingGlyceryl Stearate
EmollientBis-Stearyl Dimethicone
EmollientMyristyl Nicotinate
Skin ConditioningMaltobionic Acid
BufferingDimethicone
EmollientSalinicoccus Lysate Filtrate
Skin ConditioningHelianthus Annuus Extract
EmollientOryza Sativa Bran Extract
Skin ConditioningCarapa Guaianensis Seed Oil
Skin ConditioningBisabolol
AntioxidantRosmarinus Officinalis Leaf Extract
AntimicrobialZingiber Officinale Root Extract
MaskingPolyacrylate Crosspolymer-6
Emulsion StabilisingPentylene Glycol
Skin ConditioningCoco-Caprylate/Caprate
EmollientPolysilicone-11
Tocopherol
AntioxidantCeteareth-20
CleansingCaprylhydroxamic Acid
Xanthan Gum
Emulsifying1,2-Hexanediol
Skin ConditioningParfum
MaskingPEG-40 Stearate
EmulsifyingT-Butyl Alcohol
PerfumingBenzyl Salicylate
PerfumingGeraniol
PerfumingLinalool
PerfumingWater, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice, Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride, Glycerin, Butyrospermum Parkii Butter, Cetearyl Alcohol, Lactic Acid, Ethylhexyl Polyhydroxystearate, Stearyl Alcohol, Trimethylolpropane Tricaprylate/Tricaprate, Propanediol, Coconut Alkanes, Sodium Hydroxide, Glycolic Acid, Citric Acid, Glyceryl Stearate, Bis-Stearyl Dimethicone, Myristyl Nicotinate, Maltobionic Acid, Dimethicone, Salinicoccus Lysate Filtrate, Helianthus Annuus Extract, Oryza Sativa Bran Extract, Carapa Guaianensis Seed Oil, Bisabolol, Rosmarinus Officinalis Leaf Extract, Zingiber Officinale Root Extract, Polyacrylate Crosspolymer-6, Pentylene Glycol, Coco-Caprylate/Caprate, Polysilicone-11, Tocopherol, Ceteareth-20, Caprylhydroxamic Acid, Xanthan Gum, 1,2-Hexanediol, Parfum, PEG-40 Stearate, T-Butyl Alcohol, Benzyl Salicylate, Geraniol, Linalool
Water
Skin ConditioningVegetable Oil
Skin ConditioningOctyldodecanol
EmollientCaprylic/Capric Triglyceride
MaskingGlycolic Acid
BufferingCetearyl Olivate
Caprylyl Caprylate/Caprate
EmollientPropanediol
SolventCetyl Stearate
EmollientMagnesium Aluminum Silicate
AbsorbentSorbitan Olivate
EmulsifyingSodium Hydroxide
BufferingLactic Acid
BufferingSalicylic Acid
MaskingNiacinamide
SmoothingOryza Sativa Bran Extract
Skin ConditioningStearalkonium Hectorite
Gel FormingButyrospermum Parkii Butter
Skin ConditioningBetaine
HumectantXanthan Gum
EmulsifyingJojoba Oil/Macadamia Seed Oil Esters
Skin ConditioningGlycerin
HumectantHelianthus Annuus Extract
EmollientTrisodium Ethylenediamine Disuccinate
Allantoin
Skin ConditioningEthylhexylglycerin
Skin ConditioningTocopherol
AntioxidantRosmarinus Officinalis Leaf Extract
AntimicrobialSqualene
EmollientSalinicoccus Lysate Filtrate
Skin ConditioningCucurbita Pepo Seed Extract
Skin ConditioningUrea
BufferingAmylopectin
Cucurbita Maxima Fruit Extract
Skin ConditioningPhytosteryl Macadamiate
Skin ConditioningLithothamnion Calcareum Extract
Skin ConditioningLecithin
EmollientAcetyl Glutamine
Skin ConditioningPolydextrose
HumectantDextrin
AbsorbentBacillus Ferment
Skin ConditioningPhytosterols
Skin ConditioningFolic Acid
Skin ConditioningBacillus/Soybean Ferment Extract
Skin ConditioningOligopeptide-2
Skin ConditioningSodium Hyaluronate
HumectantCaprylyl Glycol
EmollientHexapeptide-11
Skin ConditioningOligopeptide-1
Skin ConditioningOligopeptide-3
Skin ConditioningPropylene Carbonate
SolventPotassium Sorbate
PreservativePentylene Glycol
Skin ConditioningSodium Benzoate
MaskingPhenoxyethanol
PreservativeWater, Vegetable Oil, Octyldodecanol, Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride, Glycolic Acid, Cetearyl Olivate, Caprylyl Caprylate/Caprate, Propanediol, Cetyl Stearate, Magnesium Aluminum Silicate, Sorbitan Olivate, Sodium Hydroxide, Lactic Acid, Salicylic Acid, Niacinamide, Oryza Sativa Bran Extract, Stearalkonium Hectorite, Butyrospermum Parkii Butter, Betaine, Xanthan Gum, Jojoba Oil/Macadamia Seed Oil Esters, Glycerin, Helianthus Annuus Extract, Trisodium Ethylenediamine Disuccinate, Allantoin, Ethylhexylglycerin, Tocopherol, Rosmarinus Officinalis Leaf Extract, Squalene, Salinicoccus Lysate Filtrate, Cucurbita Pepo Seed Extract, Urea, Amylopectin, Cucurbita Maxima Fruit Extract, Phytosteryl Macadamiate, Lithothamnion Calcareum Extract, Lecithin, Acetyl Glutamine, Polydextrose, Dextrin, Bacillus Ferment, Phytosterols, Folic Acid, Bacillus/Soybean Ferment Extract, Oligopeptide-2, Sodium Hyaluronate, Caprylyl Glycol, Hexapeptide-11, Oligopeptide-1, Oligopeptide-3, Propylene Carbonate, Potassium Sorbate, Pentylene Glycol, Sodium Benzoate, Phenoxyethanol
Ingredients Explained
These ingredients are found in both products.
Ingredients higher up in an ingredient list are typically present in a larger amount.
This ingredient is also known as shea butter. It is a plant-derived extract from the nuts of the Africa shea tree and one of the most well-studied emollients.
Because it has a high concentration of fatty acids (primarily oleic, stearic, and linoleic) it is able to form a protective barrier on the skin's surface. This helps seal in moisture and prevents transepidermal water loss (TEWL).
In vitro research found an increase in skin hydration by 58% and a decrease in TEWL by 37.8% after 24 hours of applying this ingredient (pretty impressive for a single ingredient!).
Besides hydration, shea butter also contains triterpenes that have anti-inflammatory potential. In particule, lupeol cinnamate has shown the highest anti-inflammatory activity in vivo.
Shea butter also contains vitamins A and E which may contribute to antioxidant activity.
While Shea Butter has an SPF rating of about 3-4, it is not a sunscreen replacement.
This ingredient may not be fungal acne safe because its fatty acids fall within the C11-C24 range that the Malassezia yeast can metabolize.
Learn more about Butyrospermum Parkii ButterThis ingredient is a lightweight emollient, solvent, and texture enhancer. It is considered a skin-softener by helping the skin prevent moisture loss.
It helps thicken a product's formula and makes it easier to spread by dissolving clumping compounds.
Caprylic Triglyceride is made by combining glycerin with coconut oil, forming a clear liquid. Though it behaves like an oil, it is not technically one due to its chemical composition. It is very stable, resistant to oxidation, and unlikely to go rancid. In practice, that translates to a long shelf life and a consistently elegant skin feel.
While there is an assumption Caprylic Triglyceride can clog pores due to it being derived from coconut oil, there is no research supporting this. Be sure to patch test if you have concerns.
Fractionated coconut oil and MCT Oil are both listed as Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride according to INCI. This is because INCI names are based on the ingredientâs final chemical composition and not its marketing name or source.
Learn more about Caprylic/Capric TriglycerideGlycerin (or glycerol) is a compound naturally found in your skin. It's a powerhouse humectant that pulls water into the stratum corneum.
Topically, glycerin does several things at once:
Your skin makes glycerin on its own (mostly from sebaceous oil breakdown) and shuttles it to your outermost layer of skin, or your epidermis, via aquaporin-3.
Aquaporin-3 is a transporter that is essential for normal skin hydration, elasticity, and repair. Interestingly, mice lacking in AQP3 have dry and less elastic skin that can be fully corrected with glycerin.
This ingredient is non-irritating, plays well with almost every ingredient, and works across all skin types. Typical use is anywhere between 3-10% but can go up to 79% in some leave-on products.
Just know very high concentrations (>40%) can feel tacky in low humidity.
Glycerin is the name for this ingredient in American English. British English uses Glycerol/Glycerine.
Learn more about GlycerinGlycolic Acid is arguably the most famous alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) with tons of research backing its benefits.
It is found naturally in sugar cane but the form used in skincare is usually synthetic for purity and stability.
Glycolic acid removes the top layer of dead skin cells to allow newer and fresher ones to emerge.
AHAs work by breaking down the structural âglueâ that holds old skin cells in place. When that buildup is gone, your skin can renew itself more efficiently.
Research also shows glycolic acid stimulates collagen production, helping to firm and thicken the skin over time. This is one of its biggest advantages over other AHAs.
Overall, glycolic acid helps with:
Fun fact: Glycolic acid boosts skin hydration by helping it produce molecules that increase hyaluronic acid naturally.
To work best, glycolic acid products should have a pH between 3-4 (thatâs where exfoliation is most effective but still gentle on skin).
The pH and concentration of a product are key to its effectiveness:
It is normal to feel a slight stinging sensation when using glycolic acid. This usually fades as your skin adjusts.
Because glycolic acid has the smallest molecular size in the AHA family, it can penetrate deeper, which enhances its effectiveness but also makes it more likely to irritate sensitive skin.
If your skin is very sensitive or prone to rosacea, glycolic acid may be too strong; in that case, try milder options like lactic acid or a PHA instead.
Recent studies suggest glycolic acid might even help protect against UV damage. But donât skip sunscreen! Freshly exfoliated skin is more sensitive to the sun.
Glycolic acid is a skincare superstar. It smooths, brightens, hydrates, and firms the skin. Unless youâre highly sensitive, itâs well worth adding to your routine.
Read more about some other popular AHA's here:
Learn more about Glycolic AcidHelianthus Annuus Extract comes from the common sunflower.
Sunflowers are rich in vitamin E. Studies show sunflowers contain antimicrobial and antioxidant properties.
The fatty acids found in sunflowers include (from highest amount to least): linoleic acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid, oleic acid, and linolenic acid.
These fatty acids hydrate your skin. Emollients create a film on the skin to prevent moisture from escaping.
Learn more about Helianthus Annuus ExtractLactic Acid is another well-loved alpha hydroxy acid (AHA). It is gentler than glycolic acid but still highly effective.
Its main role is to exfoliate the surface of the skin by loosening the âglueâ that holds dead skin cells together. Shedding those old cells leads to smoother, softer, and more even-toned skin.
Because lactic acid molecules are larger than glycolic acid, they donât penetrate as deeply. This means theyâre less likely to sting or irritate, making it a great choice for beginners or those with sensitive skin.
Like glycolic acid, it can:
Lactic acid also acts as a humectant (like hyaluronic acid). It can draw water into the skin to improve hydration and also plays a role in the skin's natural moisturizing factor (NMF) in the form of sodium lactate.
Studies show it can boost ceramide production to strengthen the skin barrier and even help balance the skinâs microbiome.
To get results, choose products with a pH between 3-4.
Lower strengths (5-12%) focus on surface exfoliation; higher strengths (12% and up) can reach deeper in the dermis (deeper, supportive layer) to improve skin texture and firmness over time.
Though it was originally derived from milk, most modern lactic acid used in skincare is vegan. It is made through non-dairy fermentation to create a bio-identical and stable form suitable for all formulations.
When lactic acid shows up near the end of an ingredient list, it usually means the brand added just a tiny amount to adjust the productâs pH.
Legend has it that Cleopatra used to bathe in sour milk to help reduce wrinkles.
Lactic acid is truly a gentle multitasker: it exfoliates, hydrates, strengthens, and brightens. It's a great ingredient for giving your skin a smooth, glowing, and healthy look without the harshness of stronger acids.
Read more about some other popular AHA's here:
Learn more about Lactic AcidOryza Sativa Bran Extract comes from the outer layer of a rice kernel. It is a byproduct of milling rice, or the operation to produce a whole grain rice product.
This ingredient has moisturizing properties due to its components of polysaccharides and omega-3 fatty acids. It also contains calcium, selenium, phosphorus, iron, and zinc.
Oryza Sativa Bran Extract contains numerous antioxidants such as ferulic acid. Antioxidants help fight free-radical molecules. Free-radical molecules are capable of damaging our cells and other genetic material.
Learn more about Oryza Sativa Bran ExtractPentylene glycol is typically used within a product to thicken it. It also adds a smooth, soft, and moisturizing feel to the product. It is naturally found in plants such as sugar beets.
The hydrophilic trait of Pentylene Glycol makes it a humectant. As a humectant, Pentylene Glycol helps draw moisture from the air to your skin. This can help keep your skin hydrated.
This property also makes Pentylene Glycol a great texture enhancer. It can also help thicken or stabilize a product.
Pentylene Glycol also acts as a mild preservative and helps to keep a product microbe-free.
Some people may experience mild eye and skin irritation from Pentylene Glycol. We always recommend speaking with a professional about using this ingredient in your routine.
Pentylene Glycol has a low molecular weight and is part of the 1,2-glycol family.
Learn more about Pentylene GlycolPropanediol is an all-star ingredient. It softens, hydrates, and smooths the skin.Â
Itâs often used to:
Propanediol is not likely to cause sensitivity and considered safe to use. It is derived from corn or petroleum with a clear color and no scent.
Learn more about PropanediolRosmarinus Officinalis Leaf Extract comes from rosemary. Rosemary is native to the Mediterranean.
While Rosmarinus Officinalis Leaf Oil can be volatile due to its fragrant properties, the fragrance components are usually removed in the leaf extract.
Rosemary Leaf Extract contains many antioxidants such as rosmarinic acid and caffeic acid. Rosemarinic acid, a compound found in rosemary leaf, has been found to help soothe skin conditions such as eczema and acne.
Learn more about Rosmarinus Officinalis Leaf ExtractWe don't have a description for Salinicoccus Lysate Filtrate yet.
Sodium Hydroxide is also known as lye or caustic soda. It is used to adjust the pH of products; many ingredients require a specific pH to be effective.
In small amounts, sodium hydroxide is considered safe to use. However, large amounts may cause chemical burns due to its high alkaline.
Your skin has a natural pH and acid mantle. This acid mantle helps prevent harmful bacteria from breaking through. The acid mantle also helps keep your skin hydrated.
"Alkaline" refers to a high pH level. A low pH level would be considered acidic.
Learn more about Sodium HydroxideTocopherol is a fat-soluble antioxidant known as Vitamin E.
You'll find this ingredient in the vast majority of skincare (for good reason). It works to neutralize free radicals, or unstable molecules generated by UV exposure, pollution, and other environmental stressors, before they can cause oxidative damage to your skin cells.
Topically applied tocopherol has been shown to protect against UV damage by ramping up the skin's own natural defense enzymes.
It also acts as a skin conditioning agent; some studies show that regular topical use can improve the skin's water-binding capacity over 2-4 weeks.
This ingredient is especially loved for being a team player. When combined with Vitamin C, the photoprotective effect of both ingredients roughly doubles and the combo also helps reduce UV-induced DNA damage.
This ingredient has some brightening potential but it's more of a prevention ingredient than spot-fader. Cell studies show it can slow down melanin production but it's worth noting that it's not the most powerful brightener out there.
In formulations, it also serves as a stabilizer that helps protect other oxidation-prone ingredients from degrading.
Concentrations usually range from 0.1-1% in most leave-on products.
Learn more about TocopherolWater. It's the most common cosmetic ingredient of all. You'll usually see it at the top of ingredient lists, meaning that it makes up the largest part of the product.
So why is it so popular? Water most often acts as a solvent - this means that it helps dissolve other ingredients into the formulation.
You'll also recognize water as that liquid we all need to stay alive. If you see this, drink a glass of water. Remember to stay hydrated!
Learn more about WaterXanthan gum is used as a stabilizer and thickener within cosmetic products. It helps give products a sticky, thick feeling - preventing them from being too runny.
On the technical side of things, xanthan gum is a polysaccharide - a combination consisting of multiple sugar molecules bonded together.
Xanthan gum is a pretty common and great ingredient. It is a natural, non-toxic, non-irritating ingredient that is also commonly used in food products.
Learn more about Xanthan Gum