What's inside
What's inside
Key Ingredients
Benefits
Concerns
Ingredients Side-by-side
Water
Skin ConditioningButylene Glycol
HumectantPEG-100 Stearate
SurfactantDimethicone
EmollientSilica
AbrasiveCetyl Ricinoleate
EmollientOlea Europaea Fruit Oil
MaskingGlycerin
HumectantPanax Ginseng Root Extract
EmollientCoffea Arabica Seed Oil
MaskingCaffeine
Skin ConditioningCitrus Aurantium Dulcis Peel Extract
Emulsion StabilisingAminopropyl Ascorbyl Phosphate
AntioxidantCaprylic/Capric Triglyceride
MaskingHypnea Musciformis Extract
Skin ProtectingGelidiella Acerosa Extract
Skin ProtectingSigesbeckia Orientalis Extract
Skin ConditioningAscophyllum Nodosum Extract
Skin ConditioningChrysanthellum Indicum Extract
Skin ConditioningAsparagopsis Armata Extract
Skin ProtectingCucumis Sativus Fruit Extract
EmollientPyrus Malus Fruit Extract
Skin ConditioningScutellaria Baicalensis Root Extract
AstringentMolasses Extract
Skin ConditioningButyrospermum Parkii Butter
Skin ConditioningSimmondsia Chinensis Seed Oil
EmollientSodium Hyaluronate
HumectantNiacinamide
SmoothingLinoleic Acid
CleansingPhytosphingosine
Skin ConditioningTocopheryl Acetate
AntioxidantMethyl Trimethicone
Skin ConditioningTrehalose
HumectantTribehenin
EmollientInulin
Skin ConditioningSorbitol
HumectantEthylhexylglycerin
Skin ConditioningCaprylyl Glycol
EmollientTocopherol
AntioxidantMyristyl Alcohol
EmollientHydrogenated Lecithin
EmulsifyingJojoba Wax PEG-120 Esters
SurfactantCarbomer
Emulsion StabilisingBehenyl Alcohol
EmollientSodium Hydroxide
BufferingBHT
AntioxidantHydroxyacetophenone
AntioxidantSodium Metabisulfite
AntioxidantSodium Sulfite
PreservativeDisodium EDTA
Phenoxyethanol
PreservativeChlorphenesin
AntimicrobialSorbic Acid
PreservativePotassium Sorbate
PreservativeMica
Cosmetic ColorantCI 77891
Cosmetic ColorantCI 77491
Cosmetic ColorantCI 77492
Cosmetic ColorantCI 77163
Cosmetic ColorantWater, Butylene Glycol, PEG-100 Stearate, Dimethicone, Silica, Cetyl Ricinoleate, Olea Europaea Fruit Oil, Glycerin, Panax Ginseng Root Extract, Coffea Arabica Seed Oil, Caffeine, Citrus Aurantium Dulcis Peel Extract, Aminopropyl Ascorbyl Phosphate, Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride, Hypnea Musciformis Extract, Gelidiella Acerosa Extract, Sigesbeckia Orientalis Extract, Ascophyllum Nodosum Extract, Chrysanthellum Indicum Extract, Asparagopsis Armata Extract, Cucumis Sativus Fruit Extract, Pyrus Malus Fruit Extract, Scutellaria Baicalensis Root Extract, Molasses Extract, Butyrospermum Parkii Butter, Simmondsia Chinensis Seed Oil, Sodium Hyaluronate, Niacinamide, Linoleic Acid, Phytosphingosine, Tocopheryl Acetate, Methyl Trimethicone, Trehalose, Tribehenin, Inulin, Sorbitol, Ethylhexylglycerin, Caprylyl Glycol, Tocopherol, Myristyl Alcohol, Hydrogenated Lecithin, Jojoba Wax PEG-120 Esters, Carbomer, Behenyl Alcohol, Sodium Hydroxide, BHT, Hydroxyacetophenone, Sodium Metabisulfite, Sodium Sulfite, Disodium EDTA, Phenoxyethanol, Chlorphenesin, Sorbic Acid, Potassium Sorbate, Mica, CI 77891, CI 77491, CI 77492, CI 77163
Water
Skin ConditioningButylene Glycol
HumectantMyristyl Myristate
EmollientCaprylic/Capric Triglyceride
MaskingSqualane
EmollientGlyceryl Stearate
EmollientTricaprylin
PerfumingPEG-4 Dilaurate
EmulsifyingCetyl Alcohol
EmollientCitrus Limon Peel Oil
MaskingCucumis Sativus Oil
EmollientFerula Galbaniflua Resin Oil
AntimicrobialBenzyl Salicylate
PerfumingCentella Asiatica Extract
CleansingCamellia Sinensis Leaf Extract
AntimicrobialGigartina Stellata Extract
Skin ProtectingHypnea Musciformis Extract
Skin ProtectingTriticum Vulgare Germ Extract
Skin ConditioningCucumis Sativus Fruit Extract
EmollientHordeum Vulgare Extract
EmollientGelidiella Acerosa Extract
Skin ProtectingRosmarinus Officinalis Leaf Extract
AntimicrobialPanax Ginseng Root Extract
EmollientTocopheryl Linoleate/Oleate
AntioxidantCaffeine
Skin ConditioningEthylhexylglycerin
Skin ConditioningMagnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate
AntioxidantCetyl Ricinoleate
EmollientBifida Ferment Lysate
Skin ConditioningSodium Hyaluronate
HumectantPEG-100 Stearate
SurfactantSteareth-20
CleansingBis-PEG-18 Methyl Ether Dimethyl Silane
EmollientGlycerin
HumectantDimethicone
EmollientCarbomer
Emulsion StabilisingCetearyl Alcohol
EmollientCaprylyl Glycol
EmollientPotassium Hydroxide
BufferingPolysorbate 60
EmulsifyingHexylene Glycol
EmulsifyingDisodium EDTA
BHT
AntioxidantPhenoxyethanol
PreservativeWater, Butylene Glycol, Myristyl Myristate, Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride, Squalane, Glyceryl Stearate, Tricaprylin, PEG-4 Dilaurate, Cetyl Alcohol, Citrus Limon Peel Oil, Cucumis Sativus Oil, Ferula Galbaniflua Resin Oil, Benzyl Salicylate, Centella Asiatica Extract, Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract, Gigartina Stellata Extract, Hypnea Musciformis Extract, Triticum Vulgare Germ Extract, Cucumis Sativus Fruit Extract, Hordeum Vulgare Extract, Gelidiella Acerosa Extract, Rosmarinus Officinalis Leaf Extract, Panax Ginseng Root Extract, Tocopheryl Linoleate/Oleate, Caffeine, Ethylhexylglycerin, Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate, Cetyl Ricinoleate, Bifida Ferment Lysate, Sodium Hyaluronate, PEG-100 Stearate, Steareth-20, Bis-PEG-18 Methyl Ether Dimethyl Silane, Glycerin, Dimethicone, Carbomer, Cetearyl Alcohol, Caprylyl Glycol, Potassium Hydroxide, Polysorbate 60, Hexylene Glycol, Disodium EDTA, BHT, Phenoxyethanol
Reviews
Ingredients Explained
These ingredients are found in both products.
Ingredients higher up in an ingredient list are typically present in a larger amount.
BHT is a synthetic antioxidant and preservative.
As an antioxidant, it helps your body fight off free-radicals. Free-radicals are molecules that may damage your skin cells.
As a preservative, it is used to stabilize products and prevent them from degrading. Specifically, BHT prevents degradation from oxidation.
The concerns related to BHT come from oral studies; this ingredient is currently allowed for use by both the FDA and EU.
However, it was recently restricted for use in the UK as of April 2024.
Learn more about BHTButylene Glycol (or BG) is used within cosmetic products for a few different reasons:
Overall, Butylene Glycol is a safe and well-rounded ingredient that works well with other ingredients.
Though this ingredient works well with most skin types, some people with sensitive skin may experience a reaction such as allergic rashes, closed comedones, or itchiness.
Learn more about Butylene GlycolCaffeine is a naturally occurring plant compound found in coffee beans, tea leaves, cocoa pods, and guarana.
As an antioxidant, caffeine protects your skin from free radical damage caused by UV exposure and envionrmnetal stressors.
Early research also shows that caffeine can help calm redness, soothe irritated skin, and support hair growth by stimulating microcirculation in the scalp.
You might have seen eye creams marketing caffeine as a depuffing ingredient. This is because it is a vasoconstrictor meaning it can temporarily constrict blood vessels, though clinical evidence for this specific use is still limited.
Most skincare products contain this ingredient at concentrations between 1-6%. It is able to penetrate skin easily regardless of skin type or thickness.
Just so you know, a very small number of case reports describe caffeine-induced allergy. This ingredient is generally well-tolerated, non-irritating, and non-sensitizing for the majority of people.
Learn more about CaffeineCaprylic/Capric Triglyceride (aka MCT Oil) is a lightweight emollient, solvent, and texture enhancer. It is considered a skin-softener by helping to prevent moisture loss.
Though it behaves like an oil, it is not technically one due to its chemical composition. One perk of this ingredient is that it is very stable, resistant to oxidation, and unlikely to go rancid.
In practice, that translates to a long shelf life and a consistently elegant skin feel.
While there is an assumption Caprylic Triglyceride can clog pores due to it being derived from coconut oil, there is no research supporting this. Just patch test if you have concerns.
Fractionated coconut oil and MCT Oil are both listed as Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride according to INCI. This is because INCI names are based on the ingredient’s final chemical composition and not its marketing name or source.
This ingredient is treated as the gold standard fungal acne safe oil. Even though it is coconut derived, the problematic lauric acid is stripped out.
This leaves just caprylic (C8) and capric (C10) acid. These chain lengths actually trend antifungal; a 2020 study found caprylic acid was enough to disrupt Malassezia furfur cell membrane, with a caprylic acid derivative damaging membrane structures at concentrations as low as 0.2%.
Learn more about Caprylic/Capric TriglycerideCaprylyl Glycol is a humectant, skin conditioner, emollient, and preservative booster derived from either caprylic acid or synthetically created.
Typical use levels vary from 0.3-1% as a preservative booster and go up to 2% to condition skin.
Because it is not a free-fatty acid, this ingredient is fungal acne safe (there's nothing for Malassezia to feed on).
Learn more about Caprylyl GlycolCarbomer is a high-molecular weight polymer of acrylic acid. It is used to form gels and thicken formulas.
Due to its large molecular size, carbomer has minimal skin penetration and is considered an inert ingredient.
A high amount of carbomer can cause pilling or balling up of products. Don't worry, most products contain 1% or less of carbomer.
Learn more about CarbomerCetyl Ricinoleate isn't fungal acne safe.
This extract comes from cucumber. Cucumbers are mostly made up of water (95%), and the other 5% is composed of: vitamin C, caffeic acid, fatty acids, amino acids, and other minerals.
Cucumbers have anti-inflammatory, barrier repair, and hydrating properties.
They contain shikimate dehydrigenase, an enzyme shown to help reduce inflammation and soothe the skin.
The amino acids found in cucumbers help nourish our skin's natural acid mantle (it's an important part of our skin barrier). This slightly acidic film acts as a barrier to protect us from bacteria, viruses, and other contaminants.
Unless you have an allergy to cucumbers, this is generally a non-irritating ingredient.
Fun fact: Cucumis Sativus is native to South Asia and can now be found on every continent.
Learn more about Cucumis Sativus Fruit ExtractDimethicone is a type of synthetic silicone created from natural materials such as quartz. It is also known as polydimethylsiloxane.
What it does:
Dimethicone comes in different viscosities:
Depending on the viscosity, dimethicone has different properties.
Ingredients lists don't always show which type is used, so we recommend reaching out to the brand if you have questions about the viscosity.
This ingredient is unlikely to cause irritation because it does not get absorbed into skin. However, people with silicone allergies should be careful about using this ingredient.
Note: Dimethicone may contribute to pilling. This is because it is not oil or water soluble, so pilling may occur when layered with products. When mixed with heavy oils in a formula, the outcome is also quite greasy.
Learn more about DimethiconeDisodium EDTA is a chelating agent. It grabs onto and deactivates metal ions that sneak into your products from water, packaging, or air.
This ingredient mainly works behind the scenes and helps with:
On top of that, this ingredient can counteract the effects of hard water by binding to the minerals in it.
One thing worth knowing is that Disodium EDTA has been shown to be a mild penetration enhancer. It can help other ingredients absorb into skin more effectively which can be a double-edged sword (great for actives, but can also make the active too strong if you have sensitive skin).
Clinical patch testing showed no significant skin irritation at typical use concentrations and minimal dermal absorption.
You'll most likely see this ingredient near the end of an ingredient list. It's typically found in concentrations less than 1%.
Learn more about Disodium EDTAEthylhexylglycerin is created from glycerin. It is a multitasker ingredient that:
The CIR Expert Panel found minimal skin absorption or sensitization of any kind in a safety assessment. Though this ingredient is considered well-tolerated, a small number of cases of allergic dermatitis have been published since 2002. Just be sure to patch test if you are unsure.
Industry-reported use ranges from 8% in rinse-off products and 2% in leave-on formulations.
Learn more about EthylhexylglycerinWe don't have a description for Gelidiella Acerosa Extract yet.
Glycerin (or glycerol) is a compound naturally found in your skin. It's a powerhouse humectant that pulls water into the stratum corneum.
Topically, glycerin does several things at once:
Your skin makes glycerin on its own (mostly from sebaceous oil breakdown) and shuttles it to your outermost layer of skin, or your epidermis, via aquaporin-3.
Aquaporin-3 is a transporter that is essential for normal skin hydration, elasticity, and repair. Interestingly, mice lacking in AQP3 have dry and less elastic skin that can be fully corrected with glycerin.
This ingredient is non-irritating, plays well with almost every ingredient, and works across all skin types. Typical use is anywhere between 3-10% but can go up to 79% in some leave-on products.
Just know very high concentrations (>40%) can feel tacky in low humidity.
Glycerin is the name for this ingredient in American English. British English uses Glycerol/Glycerine.
Learn more about GlycerinHypnea Musciformis Extract comes from the red algae called Hypnea musciformis. Hypnea Musciformis is commonly found in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans.
The cell walls of Hypnea Musciformis is rich in carrageenan.
Hypnea Musciformis Extract contains vitamins A, C, and E. It also has calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and iron.
Learn more about Hypnea Musciformis ExtractGinseng root is a well-loved ingredient in Asian skincare for good reason. It hydrates the skin, soothes irritation, and helps even out skin tone.
In traditional East Asian medicine, ginseng has been used for centuries both as food and as a healing remedy, and modern research continues to confirm its skin benefits.
One of the standout features of ginseng is its ability to improve blood circulation and oxygen delivery to the skin, bringing a fresh supply of nutrients to support overall skin health. It also has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This helps to protect your skin against damage from UV exposure, pollution, and daily stress.
Additionally, studies suggest that ginseng may help reduce hyperpigmentation by inhibiting tyrosinase, the enzyme involved in melanin production.
There are different types of ginseng used in skincare, and while they all share core benefits, their potency can vary.
Most products use fresh or white ginseng because it’s more affordable. However, red ginseng, produced by steaming the root, contains higher levels of ginsenosides, which are compounds with proven anti-aging effects. These ginsenosides help reduce the appearance of wrinkles and improve skin elasticity.
Note: All forms of ginseng are listed simply as “Panax ginseng” in ingredient lists. We recommend reaching out to the brand if you have questions about which type of ginseng is used in their ingredients.
For general antioxidant benefits, any ginseng extract will do, but for wrinkle care or firmer skin, red or fermented ginseng is often more effective.
In short, ginseng is a powerhouse ingredient that supports hydration, radiance, and resilience.
Learn more about Panax Ginseng Root ExtractPeg-100 Stearate is an emollient and emulsifier. As an emollient, it helps keep skin soft by trapping moisture in. On the other hand, emulsifiers help prevent oil and water from separating in a product.
PEGS are a hydrophilic polyether compound . There are 100 ethylene oxide monomers in Peg-100 Stearate. Peg-100 Stearate is polyethylene glycol ester of stearic acid.
Phenoxyethanol is a preservative that has germicide, antimicrobial, and aromatic properties. Studies show that phenoxyethanol can prevent microbial growth. By itself, it has a scent that is similar to that of a rose.
It's often used in formulations along with Caprylyl Glycol to preserve the shelf life of products.
Sodium Hyaluronate is the salt form of hyaluronic acid. It is a long sugar chain that is naturally found in your skin, joints, and connective tissue that maintains hydration and elasticity.
In skincare, it works as a humectant. It pulls water from the environment and deeper layers of skin and binds it to the surface.
Interestingly, the size of the molecule affects its behavior:
Some clinical evidence links low molecular weight versions to improved wrinkle depth, elasticity, anti-inflammatory effects, and barrier repair.
Many serums use a blend of both weights so you can get surface hydration plus longer-lasting and deeper effects.
You'll typically see concentrations between 0.1-2% for this ingredient.
Learn more about Sodium HyaluronateWater. It's the most common cosmetic ingredient of all. You'll usually see it at the top of ingredient lists, meaning that it makes up the largest part of the product.
So why is it so popular? Water most often acts as a solvent - this means that it helps dissolve other ingredients into the formulation.
You'll also recognize water as that liquid we all need to stay alive. If you see this, drink a glass of water. Remember to stay hydrated!
Learn more about Water