What's inside
What's inside
Key Ingredients
Benefits
Concerns
Ingredients Side-by-side
Water
Skin ConditioningCoco-Glucoside
CleansingLauryl Glucoside
CleansingCocamidopropyl Betaine
CleansingButylene Glycol
HumectantGlycerin
HumectantPentylene Glycol
Skin ConditioningUndecylenoyl Phenylalanine
Skin ConditioningNiacinamide
SmoothingAlpha-Arbutin
AntioxidantSaccharide Isomerate
HumectantArisaema Amurense Extract
Skin ConditioningPropylene Glycol
HumectantXylitylglucoside
HumectantSodium Benzoate
MaskingAnhydroxylitol
HumectantXylitol
HumectantAloe Barbadensis Leaf Extract
EmollientHamamelis Virginiana Leaf Extract
Skin ConditioningDecyl Glucoside
Cleansing1,2-Hexanediol
Skin ConditioningAcrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer
Emulsion StabilisingPEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate
EmulsifyingDimethylmethoxy Chromanyl Palmitate
Skin ConditioningCystoseira Tamariscifolia Extract
Skin ConditioningPhenoxyethanol
PreservativeGlutathione
Kojic Acid
AntioxidantHydrolyzed Rice Bran Protein
Skin ConditioningHydrolyzed Soy Protein
HumectantKappaphycus Alvarezii Extract
Skin ConditioningLaminaria Saccharina Extract
Skin ProtectingGlycine
BufferingPotassium Sorbate
PreservativeGlycine Soja Seed Extract
Skin ConditioningMaltodextrin
AbsorbentPyrus Malus Fruit Extract
Skin ConditioningAscorbic Acid
AntioxidantVitis Vinifera Seed Extract
AntimicrobialCitrus Limon Fruit Extract
MaskingCitric Acid
BufferingVaccinium Myrtillus Fruit Extract
Skin ConditioningSaccharum Officinarum Extract
MoisturisingCitrus Aurantium Dulcis Fruit Extract
MaskingAcer Saccharum Extract
Skin ConditioningPrunus Persica Fruit Extract
AbrasiveTranexamic Acid
AstringentCentella Asiatica Leaf Extract
Skin ConditioningMenthyl Lactate
MaskingPPG-26-Buteth-26
Skin ConditioningPEG-40
HumectantHydrogenated Castor Oil
EmollientEthylhexylglycerin
Skin ConditioningDisodium EDTA
Ethoxydiglycol
HumectantWater, Coco-Glucoside, Lauryl Glucoside, Cocamidopropyl Betaine, Butylene Glycol, Glycerin, Pentylene Glycol, Undecylenoyl Phenylalanine, Niacinamide, Alpha-Arbutin, Saccharide Isomerate, Arisaema Amurense Extract, Propylene Glycol, Xylitylglucoside, Sodium Benzoate, Anhydroxylitol, Xylitol, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Extract, Hamamelis Virginiana Leaf Extract, Decyl Glucoside, 1,2-Hexanediol, Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer, PEG-120 Methyl Glucose Dioleate, Dimethylmethoxy Chromanyl Palmitate, Cystoseira Tamariscifolia Extract, Phenoxyethanol, Glutathione, Kojic Acid, Hydrolyzed Rice Bran Protein, Hydrolyzed Soy Protein, Kappaphycus Alvarezii Extract, Laminaria Saccharina Extract, Glycine, Potassium Sorbate, Glycine Soja Seed Extract, Maltodextrin, Pyrus Malus Fruit Extract, Ascorbic Acid, Vitis Vinifera Seed Extract, Citrus Limon Fruit Extract, Citric Acid, Vaccinium Myrtillus Fruit Extract, Saccharum Officinarum Extract, Citrus Aurantium Dulcis Fruit Extract, Acer Saccharum Extract, Prunus Persica Fruit Extract, Tranexamic Acid, Centella Asiatica Leaf Extract, Menthyl Lactate, PPG-26-Buteth-26, PEG-40, Hydrogenated Castor Oil, Ethylhexylglycerin, Disodium EDTA, Ethoxydiglycol
Water
Skin ConditioningGlycerin
HumectantCocamide DEA
EmulsifyingCocamidopropyl Betaine
CleansingSodium Chloride
MaskingXanthan Gum
EmulsifyingPropylene Glycol
HumectantBenzoic Acid
MaskingCaprylyl Glycol
EmollientDisodium EDTA
Citric Acid
BufferingCentella Asiatica Extract
CleansingZinc PCA
HumectantGlycyrrhiza Glabra Root Extract
BleachingButylene Glycol
Humectant1,2-Hexanediol
Skin ConditioningCamellia Sinensis Leaf Extract
AntimicrobialPEG-40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil
EmulsifyingSalicylic Acid
MaskingGlycolic Acid
BufferingMilk Lipids
Skin ConditioningPentylene Glycol
Skin ConditioningPEG-60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil
EmulsifyingEthylhexylglycerin
Skin ConditioningCeramide NP
Skin ConditioningChlorhexidine Digluconate
AntimicrobialDisodium Phosphate
BufferingGlyceryl Caprylate
EmollientLactic Acid
BufferingPhytosphingosine
Skin ConditioningSodium Hyaluronate
HumectantLactobacillus/Pear Juice Ferment Filtrate
Skin ConditioningO-Cymen-5-Ol
AntimicrobialPotassium Sorbate
PreservativeSodium Benzoate
MaskingPhellodendron Amurense Bark Extract
Skin ConditioningBHT
AntioxidantSalix Alba Bark Extract
AstringentTocopheryl Acetate
AntioxidantRehmannia Chinensis Root Extract
Skin ConditioningMelia Azadirachta Leaf Extract
Skin ConditioningScutellaria Baicalensis Root Extract
AstringentHouttuynia Cordata Extract
Skin ConditioningGlycine Soja Seed Extract
Skin ConditioningHamamelis Virginiana Water
AstringentWater, Glycerin, Cocamide DEA, Cocamidopropyl Betaine, Sodium Chloride, Xanthan Gum, Propylene Glycol, Benzoic Acid, Caprylyl Glycol, Disodium EDTA, Citric Acid, Centella Asiatica Extract, Zinc PCA, Glycyrrhiza Glabra Root Extract, Butylene Glycol, 1,2-Hexanediol, Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract, PEG-40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil, Salicylic Acid, Glycolic Acid, Milk Lipids, Pentylene Glycol, PEG-60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil, Ethylhexylglycerin, Ceramide NP, Chlorhexidine Digluconate, Disodium Phosphate, Glyceryl Caprylate, Lactic Acid, Phytosphingosine, Sodium Hyaluronate, Lactobacillus/Pear Juice Ferment Filtrate, O-Cymen-5-Ol, Potassium Sorbate, Sodium Benzoate, Phellodendron Amurense Bark Extract, BHT, Salix Alba Bark Extract, Tocopheryl Acetate, Rehmannia Chinensis Root Extract, Melia Azadirachta Leaf Extract, Scutellaria Baicalensis Root Extract, Houttuynia Cordata Extract, Glycine Soja Seed Extract, Hamamelis Virginiana Water
Ingredients Explained
These ingredients are found in both products.
Ingredients higher up in an ingredient list are typically present in a larger amount.
1,2-Hexanediol is a synthetic liquid and another multi-functional powerhouse.Â
It is a:
- Humectant, drawing moisture into the skin
- Emollient, helping to soften skin
- Solvent, dispersing and stabilizing formulas
- Preservative booster, enhancing the antimicrobial activity of other preservativesÂ
Butylene Glycol (or BG) is used within cosmetic products for a few different reasons:
Overall, Butylene Glycol is a safe and well-rounded ingredient that works well with other ingredients.
Though this ingredient works well with most skin types, some people with sensitive skin may experience a reaction such as allergic rashes, closed comedones, or itchiness.
Learn more about Butylene GlycolCitric Acid is an alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) naturally found in citrus fruits like oranges, lemons, and limes.
Like other AHAs, citric acid can exfoliate skin by breaking down the bonds that hold dead skin cells together. This helps reveal smoother and brighter skin underneath.
However, this exfoliating effect only happens at high concentrations (20%) which can be hard to find in cosmetic products.
Due to this, citric acid is usually included in small amounts as a pH adjuster. This helps keep products slightly more acidic and compatible with skin's natural pH.
In skincare formulas, citric acid can:
While it can provide some skin benefits, research shows lactic acid and glycolic acid are generally more effective and less irritating exfoliants.
Most citric acid used in skincare today is made by fermenting sugars (usually from molasses). This synthetic version is identical to the natural citrus form but easier to stabilize and use in formulations.
Read more about some other popular AHA's here:
Learn more about Citric AcidCocamidopropyl Betaine is a fatty acid created by mixing similar compounds in coconut oil and dimethylaminopropylamine, a compound with two amino groups.
This ingredient is a surfactant and cleanser. It helps gather the dirt, pollutants, and other impurities in your skin to be washed away. It also helps thicken a product and make the texture more creamy.
Being created from coconut oil means Cocamidopropyl Betaine is hydrating for the skin.
While Cocamidopropyl Betaine was believed to be an allergen, a study from 2012 disproved this. It found two compounds in unpure Cocamidopropyl Betaine to be the irritants: aminoamide and 3-dimethylaminopropylamine. High-grade and pure Cocamidopropyl Betaine did not induce allergic reactions during this study.
Learn more about Cocamidopropyl BetaineDisodium EDTA is a chelating agent. It grabs onto and deactivates metal ions that sneak into your products from water, packaging, or air.
This ingredient mainly works behind the scenes and helps with:
On top of that, this ingredient can counteract the effects of hard water by binding to the minerals in it.
One thing worth knowing is that Disodium EDTA has been shown to be a mild penetration enhancer. It can help other ingredients absorb into skin more effectively which can be a double-edged sword (great for actives, but can also make the active too strong if you have sensitive skin).
Clinical patch testing showed no significant skin irritation at typical use concentrations and minimal dermal absorption.
You'll most likely see this ingredient near the end of an ingredient list. It's typically found in concentrations less than 1%.
Learn more about Disodium EDTAEthylhexylglycerin is created from glycerin. It is a multitasker ingredient that:
The CIR Expert Panel found minimal skin absorption or sensitization of any kind in a safety assessment. Though this ingredient is considered well-tolerated, a small number of cases of allergic dermatitis have been published since 2002. Just be sure to patch test if you are unsure.
Industry-reported use ranges from 8% in rinse-off products and 2% in leave-on formulations.
Learn more about EthylhexylglycerinGlycerin (or glycerol) is a compound naturally found in your skin. It's a powerhouse humectant that pulls water into the stratum corneum.
Topically, glycerin does several things at once:
Your skin makes glycerin on its own (mostly from sebaceous oil breakdown) and shuttles it to your outermost layer of skin, or your epidermis, via aquaporin-3.
Aquaporin-3 is a transporter that is essential for normal skin hydration, elasticity, and repair. Interestingly, mice lacking in AQP3 have dry and less elastic skin that can be fully corrected with glycerin.
This ingredient is non-irritating, plays well with almost every ingredient, and works across all skin types. Typical use is anywhere between 3-10% but can go up to 79% in some leave-on products.
Just know very high concentrations (>40%) can feel tacky in low humidity.
Glycerin is the name for this ingredient in American English. British English uses Glycerol/Glycerine.
Learn more about GlycerinGlycine Soja Seed Extract comes from the seed of the wild soybean plant. Wild soybean extract contains fatty acids (linoleic, oleic, linolenic), vitamin E, and antioxidants.
The wild soybean contains soyasaponins, a bioactive compound. Soyasaponins have inflammatory, antimutagenic, anticarcinogenic, antimicrobial properties. Soyasaponin has also been found to inhibit the melanin-creation process.
Two powerful components found in the wild soybean include genistein and diadzein. These two isoflavones are potent antioxidants with anti-inflammatory properties. Genistein in particular has been found to prevent redness caused by UV exposure.
One study from South Korea found wild soybean extract to help promote hair growth at the cellular level.
The wild soybean plant is a cousin to the famous soybean that gives us tofu, soy milk, and soy sauce.
Learn more about Glycine Soja Seed ExtractPentylene glycol is typically used within a product to thicken it. It also adds a smooth, soft, and moisturizing feel to the product. It is naturally found in plants such as sugar beets.
The hydrophilic trait of Pentylene Glycol makes it a humectant. As a humectant, Pentylene Glycol helps draw moisture from the air to your skin. This can help keep your skin hydrated.
This property also makes Pentylene Glycol a great texture enhancer. It can also help thicken or stabilize a product.
Pentylene Glycol also acts as a mild preservative and helps to keep a product microbe-free.
Some people may experience mild eye and skin irritation from Pentylene Glycol. We always recommend speaking with a professional about using this ingredient in your routine.
Pentylene Glycol has a low molecular weight and is part of the 1,2-glycol family.
Learn more about Pentylene GlycolPotassium Sorbate is a preservative used to prevent yeast and mold in products. It is commonly found in both cosmetic and food products.
This ingredient comes from potassium salt derived from sorbic acid. Sorbic acid is a natural antibiotic and effective against fungus.
Both potassium sorbate and sorbic acid can be found in baked goods, cheeses, dried meats, dried fruit, ice cream, pickles, wine, yogurt, and more.
You'll often find this ingredient used with other preservatives.
Learn more about Potassium SorbatePropylene Glycol is a synthetic, colorless, odorless liquid that has been a staple in cosmetics for decades. It is a skin conditioning agent, humectant, and solvent.
As a humectant, it draw water to the skin to reduce flaking and restore suppleness. It's also a solvent that helps dissolve other actives and keeps formulas stable across temperature changes.
The CIR Expert Panel has confirmed this ingredient to be nontoxic and clinical studies show no sensitization at cosmetic use concentrations.
True allergic reactions are quite rare: a 15-year retrospective study of 6,751 patients found only 0.31% had a positive reaction (and less than half were considered clinically relevant).
It seemed that when sensitization does occur, it's most commonly linked to topical medication (like corticosteroids) and not cosmetics. Allergic contact dermatitis also appears largely limited to individuals with underlying skin conditions.
Overall, propylene glycol is a well-studied ingredient that most people can tolerate without issue.
Learn more about Propylene GlycolSodium Benzoate is a preservative. It's used in both cosmetic and food products to inhibit the growth of mold and bacteria. It is typically produced synthetically.
Both the US FDA and EU Health Committee have approved the use of sodium benzoate. In the US, levels of 0.1% (of the total product) are allowed.
Sodium benzoate works as a preservative by inhibiting the growth of bacteria inside of cells. It prevents the cell from fermenting a type of sugar using an enzyme called phosphofructokinase.
It is the salt of benzoic acid. Foods containing sodium benzoate include soda, salad dressings, condiments, fruit juices, wines, and snack foods.
Studies for using ascorbic acid and sodium benzoate in cosmetics are lacking, especially in skincare routines with multiple steps.
We always recommend speaking with a professional, such as a dermatologist, if you have any concerns.
Learn more about Sodium BenzoateWater. It's the most common cosmetic ingredient of all. You'll usually see it at the top of ingredient lists, meaning that it makes up the largest part of the product.
So why is it so popular? Water most often acts as a solvent - this means that it helps dissolve other ingredients into the formulation.
You'll also recognize water as that liquid we all need to stay alive. If you see this, drink a glass of water. Remember to stay hydrated!
Learn more about Water