Phellodendron Amurense Bark Extract

This ingredient is also known as Amur cork tree bark. It is a botanical extract with skin conditioning and tonic properties.

Amur tree bark is rich in compounds, such as berberine and palmatine, that are widely studied for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.

In lab research, this ingredient has been shown to reduce inflammation in skin cells exposed to pollution. The results were also linked to PAR-2 signaling, a pathway involved in irritation and barrier stress. This is why you'll see this ingredient in "anti-pollution" skincare.

Preclinical work also suggests anti-inflammatory benefits in atopic-dermatitis models when used topically.

Please note that these studies do not offer strong proof because they do not involve humans. However, this ingredient has low irritation/risk and there's no harm in trying it out.