What's inside
What's inside
Key Ingredients
Benefits
Concerns
Ingredients Side-by-side
Water
Skin ConditioningAmmonium Acryloyldimethyltaurate/Vp Copolymer
Glycerin
HumectantNiacinamide
SmoothingAlpha-Arbutin
AntioxidantEthylhexyl Cocoate
EmollientPEG/PPG-20/15 Dimethicone
EmulsifyingSodium Hyaluronate
HumectantAllantoin
Skin ConditioningRetinal
Skin ConditioningHarungana Madagascariensis Extract
Skin ConditioningPhragmites Karka Extract
Skin ConditioningDimethylmethoxy Chromanyl Palmitate
Skin ConditioningCaprylic Acid
CleansingElaeis Guineensis Oil
EmollientPoria Cocos Extract
Skin ConditioningTitanium Dioxide
Cosmetic ColorantCetearyl Alcohol
EmollientTocopheryl Acetate
AntioxidantAscorbic Acid
AntioxidantStearic Acid
CleansingEthylhexylglycerin
Skin ConditioningLecithin
EmollientTetrasodium EDTA
Copper Tripeptide-1
Skin ConditioningPEG-40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil
EmulsifyingPPG-26-Buteth-26
Skin ConditioningCaprylyl Glycol
Emollient1,2-Hexanediol
Skin ConditioningOryza Sativa Germ Extract
EmollientCyclopentasiloxane
EmollientSodium Hydroxide
BufferingWater, Ammonium Acryloyldimethyltaurate/Vp Copolymer, Glycerin, Niacinamide, Alpha-Arbutin, Ethylhexyl Cocoate, PEG/PPG-20/15 Dimethicone, Sodium Hyaluronate, Allantoin, Retinal, Harungana Madagascariensis Extract, Phragmites Karka Extract, Dimethylmethoxy Chromanyl Palmitate, Caprylic Acid, Elaeis Guineensis Oil, Poria Cocos Extract, Titanium Dioxide, Cetearyl Alcohol, Tocopheryl Acetate, Ascorbic Acid, Stearic Acid, Ethylhexylglycerin, Lecithin, Tetrasodium EDTA, Copper Tripeptide-1, PEG-40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil, PPG-26-Buteth-26, Caprylyl Glycol, 1,2-Hexanediol, Oryza Sativa Germ Extract, Cyclopentasiloxane, Sodium Hydroxide
Water
Skin ConditioningPropylene Glycol
HumectantChamomilla Recutita Flower Extract
MaskingPentylene Glycol
Skin ConditioningNiacinamide
SmoothingCentella Asiatica Leaf Extract
Skin ConditioningPanax Quinquefolius Root Extract
AstringentRetinol
Skin ConditioningRetinal
Skin ConditioningHydroxypinacolone Retinoate
Skin ConditioningRetinyl Palmitate
Skin ConditioningCeramide NP
Skin ConditioningCeramide AP
Skin ConditioningCeramide EOP
Skin ConditioningTocopheryl Acetate
AntioxidantHydrolyzed Collagen
EmollientSodium Hyaluronate
HumectantHelianthus Annuus Seed Oil
EmollientBisabolol
AntioxidantPropanediol
SolventPhenoxyethanol
PreservativeSodium Acrylates Copolymer
Dipropylene Glycol
HumectantButylene Glycol
HumectantGlycerin
HumectantPolyacrylate Crosspolymer-6
Emulsion StabilisingDiisopropyl Sebacate
EmollientLecithin
EmollientTriethylene Glycol
MaskingSorbeth-30 Tetraoleate
EmulsifyingTocophersolan
AntioxidantEthylhexylglycerin
Skin ConditioningDisodium EDTA
Sodium Lauroyl Lactylate
EmulsifyingPotassium Sorbate
PreservativeSodium Benzoate
MaskingLactic Acid
BufferingPolysorbate 80
EmulsifyingCitric Acid
BufferingCholesterol
EmollientPhytosphingosine
Skin ConditioningTocopherol
AntioxidantXanthan Gum
EmulsifyingCarbomer
Emulsion StabilisingDimethylmethoxy Chromanol
Antioxidant4-T-Butylcyclohexanol
MaskingWater, Propylene Glycol, Chamomilla Recutita Flower Extract, Pentylene Glycol, Niacinamide, Centella Asiatica Leaf Extract, Panax Quinquefolius Root Extract, Retinol, Retinal, Hydroxypinacolone Retinoate, Retinyl Palmitate, Ceramide NP, Ceramide AP, Ceramide EOP, Tocopheryl Acetate, Hydrolyzed Collagen, Sodium Hyaluronate, Helianthus Annuus Seed Oil, Bisabolol, Propanediol, Phenoxyethanol, Sodium Acrylates Copolymer, Dipropylene Glycol, Butylene Glycol, Glycerin, Polyacrylate Crosspolymer-6, Diisopropyl Sebacate, Lecithin, Triethylene Glycol, Sorbeth-30 Tetraoleate, Tocophersolan, Ethylhexylglycerin, Disodium EDTA, Sodium Lauroyl Lactylate, Potassium Sorbate, Sodium Benzoate, Lactic Acid, Polysorbate 80, Citric Acid, Cholesterol, Phytosphingosine, Tocopherol, Xanthan Gum, Carbomer, Dimethylmethoxy Chromanol, 4-T-Butylcyclohexanol
Ingredients Explained
These ingredients are found in both products.
Ingredients higher up in an ingredient list are typically present in a larger amount.
Ethylhexylglycerin is created from glycerin. It is a multitasker ingredient that:
The CIR Expert Panel found minimal skin absorption or sensitization of any kind in a safety assessment. Though this ingredient is considered well-tolerated, a small number of cases of allergic dermatitis have been published since 2002. Just be sure to patch test if you are unsure.
Industry-reported use ranges from 8% in rinse-off products and 2% in leave-on formulations.
Learn more about EthylhexylglycerinGlycerin (or glycerol) is a compound naturally found in your skin. It's a powerhouse humectant that pulls water into the stratum corneum.
Topically, glycerin does several things at once:
Your skin makes glycerin on its own (mostly from sebaceous oil breakdown) and shuttles it to your outermost layer of skin, or your epidermis, via aquaporin-3.
Aquaporin-3 is a transporter that is essential for normal skin hydration, elasticity, and repair. Interestingly, mice lacking in AQP3 have dry and less elastic skin that can be fully corrected with glycerin.
This ingredient is non-irritating, plays well with almost every ingredient, and works across all skin types. Typical use is anywhere between 3-10% but can go up to 79% in some leave-on products.
Just know very high concentrations (>40%) can feel tacky in low humidity.
Glycerin is the name for this ingredient in American English. British English uses Glycerol/Glycerine.
Learn more about GlycerinLecithin is a term for a group of substances found in the cell membranes of plants, animals, and humans. They are made up of phospholipids.
Thanks to its amphiphilic structure (water-loving head and oil-loving tail), it is a true multitasker:
It plays well with most ingredients and is typically used at 0.1-1%. However, concentrations up to 50% have been reported in moisturizers.
Learn more about LecithinNiacinamide is a multitasking form of vitamin B3 that strengthens the skin barrier, reduces pores and dark spots, regulates oil, and improves signs of aging.
And the best part? It's gentle and well-tolerated by most skin types, including sensitive and reactive skin.
You might have heard of "niacin flush", or the reddening of skin that causes itchiness. Niacinamide has not been found to cause this.
In very rare cases, some individuals may not be able to tolerate niacinamide at all or experience an allergic reaction to it.
If you are experiencing flaking, irritation, and dryness with this ingredient, be sure to double check all your products as this ingredient can be found in all categories of skincare.
When incorporating niacinamide into your routine, look out for concentration amounts. Typically, 5% niacinamide provides benefits such as fading dark spots. However, if you have sensitive skin, it is better to begin with a smaller concentration.
When you apply niacinamide to your skin, your body converts it into nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). NAD is an essential coenzyme that is already found in your cells as "fuel" and powers countless biological processes.
In your skin, NAD helps repair cell damage, produce new healthy cells, support collagen production, strengthen the skin barrier, and fight environmental stressors (like UV and pollution).
Our natural NAD levels start to decline with age, leading to slower skin repair, visible aging, and a weaker skin barrier. By providing your skin niacinamide, you're recharging your skin's NAD levels. This leads to stronger, healthier, and younger looking skin.
Another name for vitamin B3 is nicotinamide. This vitamin is water-soluble and our bodies don't store it. We obtain Vitamin B3 from either food or skincare. Meat, fish, wheat, yeast, and leafy greens contain vitamin B3.
The type of niacinamide used in skincare is synthetically created.
Learn more about NiacinamideRetinal is a form of retinoid. Retinoids are the gold-standard class of anti-aging ingredients.
Retinal has many benefits as other retinoids: improve skin texture, reduce large pores, reduce the effects of aging, reduce the visibility of dark spots, heal scars, and fight acne.
Studies show retinal may work at a faster rate than retinol due to its structure.
All retinoids have to be converted into retinoic acid before starting to work. Some retinoids take several steps of conversion before binding. Retinal is only one step away, making it more potent.
Like other retinoids, retinal may be irritating. It is best to ease into using this ingredient frequently.
Using the 'ramp up' method, start by using retinol once a week. This gives your skin time to adjust and decrease irritation. Once you feel ready, you can slowly increase the frequency of retinol use.
Using retinoids will increase sun-sensitivity in the first few weeks of use. Though studies show retinoids increase your skin's natural SPF with continuous use, it is best to always wear sunscreen and sun-protection.
Learn more about RetinalSodium Hyaluronate is the salt form of hyaluronic acid. It is a long sugar chain that is naturally found in your skin, joints, and connective tissue that maintains hydration and elasticity.
In skincare, it works as a humectant. It pulls water from the environment and deeper layers of skin and binds it to the surface.
Interestingly, the size of the molecule affects its behavior:
Some clinical evidence links low molecular weight versions to improved wrinkle depth, elasticity, anti-inflammatory effects, and barrier repair.
Many serums use a blend of both weights so you can get surface hydration plus longer-lasting and deeper effects.
You'll typically see concentrations between 0.1-2% for this ingredient.
Learn more about Sodium HyaluronateTocopheryl Acetate is AKA Vitamin E. It is an antioxidant and protects your skin from free radicals. Free radicals damage the skin by breaking down collagen.
One study found using Tocopheryl Acetate with Vitamin C decreased the number of sunburned cells.
Tocopheryl Acetate is commonly found in both skincare and dietary supplements.
Learn more about Tocopheryl AcetateWater. It's the most common cosmetic ingredient of all. You'll usually see it at the top of ingredient lists, meaning that it makes up the largest part of the product.
So why is it so popular? Water most often acts as a solvent - this means that it helps dissolve other ingredients into the formulation.
You'll also recognize water as that liquid we all need to stay alive. If you see this, drink a glass of water. Remember to stay hydrated!
Learn more about Water