What's inside
What's inside
Key Ingredients
Benefits
Concerns
Ingredients Side-by-side
Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride
MaskingCetyl Ethylhexanoate
EmollientPEG-7 Glyceryl Cocoate
EmulsifyingWater
Skin ConditioningBeeswax
Emulsion StabilisingEthylhexyl Palmitate
EmollientCetearyl Alcohol
EmollientSorbitan Olivate
EmulsifyingMyristoyl/Palmitoyl Oxostearamide/Arachamide Mea
Skin ConditioningButyrospermum Parkii Butter
Skin ConditioningStearic Acid
CleansingOlea Europaea Fruit Oil
MaskingTrihydroxystearin
Skin ConditioningSorbitan Stearate
EmulsifyingVp/Eicosene Copolymer
Glyceryl Stearate
EmollientTocopherol
AntioxidantPhytosterols
Skin Conditioning1,2-Hexanediol
Skin ConditioningXanthan Gum
EmulsifyingCaprylyl Glycol
EmollientMadecassoside
AntioxidantAllantoin
Skin ConditioningPanthenol
Skin ConditioningCeramide NP
Skin ConditioningCitrus Aurantium Bergamia Fruit Oil
MaskingLitsea Cubeba Fruit Oil
MaskingThymus Mastichina Flower Oil
Skin ConditioningAnthemis Nobilis Flower Oil
MaskingGlycerin
HumectantSimmondsia Chinensis Seed Oil
EmollientCarthamus Tinctorius Seed Oil
MaskingCamellia Oleifera Seed Oil
Skin ConditioningTriticum Vulgare Sprout Extract
Skin ConditioningSpirulina Platensis Extract
Skin ProtectingCaprylic/Capric Triglyceride, Cetyl Ethylhexanoate, PEG-7 Glyceryl Cocoate, Water, Beeswax, Ethylhexyl Palmitate, Cetearyl Alcohol, Sorbitan Olivate, Myristoyl/Palmitoyl Oxostearamide/Arachamide Mea, Butyrospermum Parkii Butter, Stearic Acid, Olea Europaea Fruit Oil, Trihydroxystearin, Sorbitan Stearate, Vp/Eicosene Copolymer, Glyceryl Stearate, Tocopherol, Phytosterols, 1,2-Hexanediol, Xanthan Gum, Caprylyl Glycol, Madecassoside, Allantoin, Panthenol, Ceramide NP, Citrus Aurantium Bergamia Fruit Oil, Litsea Cubeba Fruit Oil, Thymus Mastichina Flower Oil, Anthemis Nobilis Flower Oil, Glycerin, Simmondsia Chinensis Seed Oil, Carthamus Tinctorius Seed Oil, Camellia Oleifera Seed Oil, Triticum Vulgare Sprout Extract, Spirulina Platensis Extract
Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride
MaskingPrunus Armeniaca Kernel Oil
MaskingButyrospermum Parkii Butter
Skin ConditioningHelianthus Annuus Seed Wax
Skin ConditioningCetearyl Alcohol
EmollientGlyceryl Stearate Se
EmulsifyingPolyglyceryl-3 Cocoate
EmulsifyingSilica Silylate
EmollientPersea Gratissima Oil
Skin ConditioningSimmondsia Chinensis Seed Oil
EmollientNelumbo Nucifera Leaf Cell Extract
Skin ProtectingMangifera Indica Seed Butter
Skin ConditioningTocopherol
AntioxidantHelianthus Annuus Seed Oil
EmollientCitrus Aurantium Bergamia Fruit Oil
MaskingLimonene
PerfumingGeraniol
PerfumingWater
Skin ConditioningLinalool
PerfumingCymbopogon Citratus Leaf Oil
MaskingCymbopogon Martini Oil
MaskingCitral
PerfumingCitrus Limon Peel Oil
MaskingCitrus Aurantium Dulcis Peel Oil
MaskingJuniperus Mexicana Oil
MaskingCitronellol
PerfumingPelargonium Graveolens Flower Oil
MaskingRosa Damascena Flower Oil
MaskingFusanus Spicatus Wood Oil
MaskingHexyl Acetate
MaskingTriethyl Citrate
Masking3-Hexenol
MaskingFarnesol
PerfumingPhenoxyethanol
PreservativeCaprylic/Capric Triglyceride, Prunus Armeniaca Kernel Oil, Butyrospermum Parkii Butter, Helianthus Annuus Seed Wax, Cetearyl Alcohol, Glyceryl Stearate Se, Polyglyceryl-3 Cocoate, Silica Silylate, Persea Gratissima Oil, Simmondsia Chinensis Seed Oil, Nelumbo Nucifera Leaf Cell Extract, Mangifera Indica Seed Butter, Tocopherol, Helianthus Annuus Seed Oil, Citrus Aurantium Bergamia Fruit Oil, Limonene, Geraniol, Water, Linalool, Cymbopogon Citratus Leaf Oil, Cymbopogon Martini Oil, Citral, Citrus Limon Peel Oil, Citrus Aurantium Dulcis Peel Oil, Juniperus Mexicana Oil, Citronellol, Pelargonium Graveolens Flower Oil, Rosa Damascena Flower Oil, Fusanus Spicatus Wood Oil, Hexyl Acetate, Triethyl Citrate, 3-Hexenol, Farnesol, Phenoxyethanol
Ingredients Explained
These ingredients are found in both products.
Ingredients higher up in an ingredient list are typically present in a larger amount.
This ingredient is also known as shea butter. It is a plant-derived extract from the nuts of the Africa shea tree and one of the most well-studied emollients.
Because it has a high concentration of fatty acids (primarily oleic, stearic, and linoleic) it is able to form a protective barrier on the skin's surface. This helps seal in moisture and prevents transepidermal water loss (TEWL).
In vitro research found an increase in skin hydration by 58% and a decrease in TEWL by 37.8% after 24 hours of applying this ingredient (pretty impressive for a single ingredient!).
Besides hydration, shea butter also contains triterpenes that have anti-inflammatory potential. In particule, lupeol cinnamate has shown the highest anti-inflammatory activity in vivo.
Shea butter also contains vitamins A and E which may contribute to antioxidant activity.
While Shea Butter has an SPF rating of about 3-4, it is not a sunscreen replacement.
This ingredient may not be fungal acne safe because its fatty acids fall within the C11-C24 range that the Malassezia yeast can metabolize.
Learn more about Butyrospermum Parkii ButterThis ingredient is a lightweight emollient, solvent, and texture enhancer. It is considered a skin-softener by helping the skin prevent moisture loss.
It helps thicken a product's formula and makes it easier to spread by dissolving clumping compounds.
Caprylic Triglyceride is made by combining glycerin with coconut oil, forming a clear liquid. Though it behaves like an oil, it is not technically one due to its chemical composition. It is very stable, resistant to oxidation, and unlikely to go rancid. In practice, that translates to a long shelf life and a consistently elegant skin feel.
While there is an assumption Caprylic Triglyceride can clog pores due to it being derived from coconut oil, there is no research supporting this. Be sure to patch test if you have concerns.
Fractionated coconut oil and MCT Oil are both listed as Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride according to INCI. This is because INCI names are based on the ingredient’s final chemical composition and not its marketing name or source.
Learn more about Caprylic/Capric TriglycerideCetearyl alcohol is a waxy mixture of two fatty alcohols: cetyl alcohol and stearyl alcohol. It is an emollient and emulsifier.
Despite having "alcohol" in its name, it has nothing to do with drying solvent alcohols; the FDA also allows "alcohol-free" products to contain fatty alcohols like this ingredient.
It plays several roles in a formula:
Typical use levels for this ingredient sit around 1-10% and the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel has affirmed safety at concentrations up to 25% in leave-on products.
Multiple assessments have found it to be non-irritating and non-sensitizing to most people.
However, there have been some cases of allergic contact dermatitis in patients with chronically compromised skin barriers.
Cetearyl alcohol has a comedogenic rating of 2 and irritancy rating of 1. Both of these numbers come from the 1989 study that used rabbit ears; a "2" means mildly comedogenic and a "1" means low irritancy.
Here's the catch: rabbit skin is more sensitive than human skin and throws a lot of false positives. A 1996 reappraisal found that ingredients rated 1-2 in the rabbit ear tests are generally safe for humans.
Remember comedogenic ratings are unable to assess the entire formula of a product or how it will react on your skin. Just be sure to patch test if you are unsure about certain ingredients.
This ingredient is not fungal acne safe. Cetearyl alcohol is a fatty alcohol with chain lengths that fall within the range that Malassezia can metabolize.
Learn more about Cetearyl AlcoholCitrus Aurantium Bergamia Fruit Oil is the oil from the bergamot orange and is primarily used as a fragrance. It has a "fresh" and "bright orange" scent.
The main aroma compounds found in this ingredient are limonene (~27-52%), linalool (~2-22%), and linalyl acetate (~27-40%). These are known EU fragrance allergens.
The term 'fragrance' is not regulated in many countries. In many cases, it is up to the brand to define this term. For instance, many brands choose to label themselves as "fragrance-free" because they are not using synthetic fragrances. However, their products may still contain ingredients such as essential oils that are considered a fragrance.
When used topically, Citrus Aurantium Bergamia Fruit Oil is a photosensitizer due to the furanocoumarin content. Furanocoumarins absorb UV-A and cause phytophotodermatitis; this can look like redness, blistering, and lasting brown pigmentation on sun-exposed skin.
Due to this, this ingredient is capped at 0.4% in leave-on products applied to sun exposed skin.
Many modern formulas used a "furanocoumarin-free" version that sidesteps the phototoxicity issue, but still contains the fragrance allergens.
Learn more about Citrus Aurantium Bergamia Fruit OilJojoba oil is one of the most well-studied plant-derived ingredients in cosmetics. It is an emollient with a special structure.
Because it is made up of 97-98% wax esters, it closely mirrors the linear monoesters found in human sebum. This makes it skin compatible, non-greasy, and lightweight.
Unlike other plant oils, jojoba wax doesn't easily penetrate skin. It mostly works in the uppermost layers as an emollient. This just means it forms a light barrier on the skin to help retain moisture.
Formulations with jojoba esters up to 90% reduced transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and increased barrier recovery by 81% (outperforming bisabolol at 47%).
Besides barrier support, the science also suggests jojoba to have anti-inflammatory effects and potential applications for skin infections, aging, and wound healing.
Fun fact: Indigenous cultures have used jojoba as a moisturizer and to help treat burns for centuries.
Due to its fatty acid content, Jojoba oil may not be fungal acne safe.
Learn more about Simmondsia Chinensis Seed OilTocopherol is a fat-soluble antioxidant known as Vitamin E.
You'll find this ingredient in the vast majority of skincare (for good reason). It works to neutralize free radicals, or unstable molecules generated by UV exposure, pollution, and other environmental stressors, before they can cause oxidative damage to your skin cells.
Topically applied tocopherol has been shown to protect against UV damage by ramping up the skin's own natural defense enzymes.
It also acts as a skin conditioning agent; some studies show that regular topical use can improve the skin's water-binding capacity over 2-4 weeks.
This ingredient is especially loved for being a team player. When combined with Vitamin C, the photoprotective effect of both ingredients roughly doubles and the combo also helps reduce UV-induced DNA damage.
This ingredient has some brightening potential but it's more of a prevention ingredient than spot-fader. Cell studies show it can slow down melanin production but it's worth noting that it's not the most powerful brightener out there.
In formulations, it also serves as a stabilizer that helps protect other oxidation-prone ingredients from degrading.
Concentrations usually range from 0.1-1% in most leave-on products.
Learn more about TocopherolWater. It's the most common cosmetic ingredient of all. You'll usually see it at the top of ingredient lists, meaning that it makes up the largest part of the product.
So why is it so popular? Water most often acts as a solvent - this means that it helps dissolve other ingredients into the formulation.
You'll also recognize water as that liquid we all need to stay alive. If you see this, drink a glass of water. Remember to stay hydrated!
Learn more about Water