What's inside
What's inside
Key Ingredients
Benefits
Concerns
Ingredients Side-by-side
Water
Skin ConditioningGlycerin
HumectantPropanediol
SolventGluconolactone
Skin ConditioningSqualane
EmollientMandelic Acid
AntimicrobialIsopentyldiol
HumectantAmmonium Acryloyldimethyltaurate/Vp Copolymer
Sodium Hydroxide
BufferingUndecane
EmollientAscorbyl Glucoside
AntioxidantAllantoin
Skin ConditioningSalicylic Acid
MaskingAvena Sativa Kernel Flour
AbrasivePolylysine
Hydrolyzed Pea Protein
EmollientSodium Hyaluronate
HumectantTremella Fuciformis Sporocarp Extract
AntioxidantTrifolium Pratense Flower Extract
AstringentSodium Citrate
BufferingCaprylhydroxamic Acid
Isostearamidopropyl Dimethylamine
Isostearamidopropyl Ethyldimonium Ethosulfate
Isostearic Acid
CleansingGlucose
Humectant1,2-Hexanediol
Skin ConditioningTridecane
PerfumingPEG-8
HumectantCitric Acid
BufferingCarnosine
Skin ConditioningPanthenol
Skin ConditioningDiglucosyl Gallic Acid
Lactic Acid
BufferingSalix Nigra Bark Extract
Skin ProtectingPropylene Glycol
HumectantCarthamus Tinctorius Seed Oil
MaskingOlea Europaea Fruit Oil
MaskingSodium Chloride
MaskingSodium Succinate
BufferingTocopherol
AntioxidantWater, Glycerin, Propanediol, Gluconolactone, Squalane, Mandelic Acid, Isopentyldiol, Ammonium Acryloyldimethyltaurate/Vp Copolymer, Sodium Hydroxide, Undecane, Ascorbyl Glucoside, Allantoin, Salicylic Acid, Avena Sativa Kernel Flour, Polylysine, Hydrolyzed Pea Protein, Sodium Hyaluronate, Tremella Fuciformis Sporocarp Extract, Trifolium Pratense Flower Extract, Sodium Citrate, Caprylhydroxamic Acid, Isostearamidopropyl Dimethylamine, Isostearamidopropyl Ethyldimonium Ethosulfate, Isostearic Acid, Glucose, 1,2-Hexanediol, Tridecane, PEG-8, Citric Acid, Carnosine, Panthenol, Diglucosyl Gallic Acid, Lactic Acid, Salix Nigra Bark Extract, Propylene Glycol, Carthamus Tinctorius Seed Oil, Olea Europaea Fruit Oil, Sodium Chloride, Sodium Succinate, Tocopherol
Water
Skin ConditioningTetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate
AntioxidantSqualane
EmollientButylene Glycol
HumectantDiheptyl Succinate
EmollientNiacinamide
SmoothingPolyglyceryl-6 Stearate
EmollientTrilaurin
Skin ConditioningGlycerin
HumectantXylitylglucoside
HumectantAlpha-Arbutin
AntioxidantSodium Hyaluronate
HumectantTocopherol
AntioxidantFucus Vesiculosus Extract
EmollientLecithin
EmollientGlyceryl Stearate
EmollientAlgin
MaskingPolyglyceryl-6 Behenate
Emulsion StabilisingAnhydroxylitol
HumectantCetearyl Alcohol
EmollientCapryloyl Glycerin/Sebacic Acid Copolymer
Skin ConditioningBeta-Glucan
Skin ConditioningEthylhexylglycerin
Skin ConditioningPhenoxyethanol
PreservativeXanthan Gum
EmulsifyingXylitol
HumectantSclerotium Gum
Emulsion StabilisingPullulan
Sodium Gluconate
Skin ConditioningLactic Acid
BufferingWater, Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate, Squalane, Butylene Glycol, Diheptyl Succinate, Niacinamide, Polyglyceryl-6 Stearate, Trilaurin, Glycerin, Xylitylglucoside, Alpha-Arbutin, Sodium Hyaluronate, Tocopherol, Fucus Vesiculosus Extract, Lecithin, Glyceryl Stearate, Algin, Polyglyceryl-6 Behenate, Anhydroxylitol, Cetearyl Alcohol, Capryloyl Glycerin/Sebacic Acid Copolymer, Beta-Glucan, Ethylhexylglycerin, Phenoxyethanol, Xanthan Gum, Xylitol, Sclerotium Gum, Pullulan, Sodium Gluconate, Lactic Acid
Ingredients Explained
These ingredients are found in both products.
Ingredients higher up in an ingredient list are typically present in a larger amount.
Glycerin (or glycerol) is a compound naturally found in your skin. It's a powerhouse humectant that pulls water into the stratum corneum.
Topically, glycerin does several things at once:
Your skin makes glycerin on its own (mostly from sebaceous oil breakdown) and shuttles it to your outermost layer of skin, or your epidermis, via aquaporin-3.
Aquaporin-3 is a transporter that is essential for normal skin hydration, elasticity, and repair. Interestingly, mice lacking in AQP3 have dry and less elastic skin that can be fully corrected with glycerin.
This ingredient is non-irritating, plays well with almost every ingredient, and works across all skin types. Typical use is anywhere between 3-10% but can go up to 79% in some leave-on products.
Just know very high concentrations (>40%) can feel tacky in low humidity.
Glycerin is the name for this ingredient in American English. British English uses Glycerol/Glycerine.
Learn more about GlycerinLactic Acid is another well-loved alpha hydroxy acid (AHA). It is gentler than glycolic acid but still highly effective.
Its main role is to exfoliate the surface of the skin by loosening the âglueâ that holds dead skin cells together. Shedding those old cells leads to smoother, softer, and more even-toned skin.
Because lactic acid molecules are larger than glycolic acid, they donât penetrate as deeply. This means theyâre less likely to sting or irritate, making it a great choice for beginners or those with sensitive skin.
Like glycolic acid, it can:
Lactic acid also acts as a humectant (like hyaluronic acid). It can draw water into the skin to improve hydration and also plays a role in the skin's natural moisturizing factor (NMF) in the form of sodium lactate.
Studies show it can boost ceramide production to strengthen the skin barrier and even help balance the skinâs microbiome.
To get results, choose products with a pH between 3-4.
Lower strengths (5-12%) focus on surface exfoliation; higher strengths (12% and up) can reach deeper in the dermis (deeper, supportive layer) to improve skin texture and firmness over time.
Though it was originally derived from milk, most modern lactic acid used in skincare is vegan. It is made through non-dairy fermentation to create a bio-identical and stable form suitable for all formulations.
When lactic acid shows up near the end of an ingredient list, it usually means the brand added just a tiny amount to adjust the productâs pH.
Legend has it that Cleopatra used to bathe in sour milk to help reduce wrinkles.
Lactic acid is truly a gentle multitasker: it exfoliates, hydrates, strengthens, and brightens. It's a great ingredient for giving your skin a smooth, glowing, and healthy look without the harshness of stronger acids.
Read more about some other popular AHA's here:
Learn more about Lactic AcidSodium Hyaluronate is the salt form of hyaluronic acid. It is a long sugar chain that is naturally found in your skin, joints, and connective tissue that maintains hydration and elasticity.
In skincare, it works as a humectant. It pulls water from the environment and deeper layers of skin and binds it to the surface.
Interestingly, the size of the molecule affects its behavior:
Some clinical evidence links low molecular weight versions to improved wrinkle depth, elasticity, anti-inflammatory effects, and barrier repair.
Many serums use a blend of both weights so you can get surface hydration plus longer-lasting and deeper effects.
You'll typically see concentrations between 0.1-2% for this ingredient.
Learn more about Sodium HyaluronateSqualane is the hydrogenated and shelf-stable form of squalene (a lipid that naturally occurs in human sebum).
It is an emollient and skin conditioning agent that is able to integrate seamlessly into the skin's lipid barrier without clogging pores.
This is due to how structurally similar it is to what your skin already produces.
Though it is mostly an emollient that helps soften and hydrate skin, it also has some humectant and occlusive action. Humectants help the skin retain moisture while occlusives seal it in, making squalane a triple-threat moisturizer.
Research shows it has antioxidant capabilities that help protect against stressors like UV exposure, specifically UVA induced oxidative stress. This study also found that it supports collagen biosynthesis in human dermal fibroblasts.
No clinical study has reported significant adverse effects and irritation reactions are very rare from this ingredient (even at 100% concentration).
Overall, it's a fantastic ingredient for hydration and is suitable for all skin types.
This depends on the source. Squalane can be derived from both plants and animals. Most squalane used in skincare comes from plants.
Please note: the source of squalane is only known if disclosed by the brand. We recommend reaching out to the brand if you have any questions about their squalane.
Read more about squalene with an "e".
Though squalane is often called an oil, itâs technically not one. It is a hydrocarbon, meaning it is only made of carbon and hydrogen. True oils are triglycerides and made of fatty acids and glycerol.
The term âoil-freeâ isnât regulated so companies can define it however they want. Some exclude all oils, while others just avoid mineral oil or comedogenic oils.
Squalane has a comedogenic rating of 1 from the original 1972 study that tested raw ingredients under occlusion on rabbit ears. This system is not standardized or peer-reviewed, and using the raw ingredients is very different from how diluted cosmetic formulations are used on human skin.
A comedogenic rating of 1 means it is "unlikely to clog pores" according to the original rating system.
The overall formula of a product matters more than the individual ingredients on whether or not it will cause clogged pores.
Learn more about SqualaneTocopherol (also known as Vitamin E) is a common antioxidant used to help protect the skin from free-radicals and strengthen the skin barrier. It's also fat soluble - this means our skin is great at absorbing it.
Vitamin E also helps keep your natural skin lipids healthy. Your lipid skin barrier naturally consists of lipids, ceramides, and fatty acids. Vitamin E offers extra protection for your skinâs lipid barrier, keeping your skin healthy and nourished.
Another benefit is a bit of UV protection. Vitamin E helps reduce the damage caused by UVB rays. (It should not replace your sunscreen). Combining it with Vitamin C can decrease sunburned cells and hyperpigmentation after UV exposure.
You might have noticed Vitamin E + C often paired together. This is because it is great at stabilizing Vitamin C. Using the two together helps increase the effectiveness of both ingredients.
There are often claims that Vitamin E can reduce/prevent scarring, but these claims haven't been confirmed by scientific research.
Learn more about TocopherolWater. It's the most common cosmetic ingredient of all. You'll usually see it at the top of ingredient lists, meaning that it makes up the largest part of the product.
So why is it so popular? Water most often acts as a solvent - this means that it helps dissolve other ingredients into the formulation.
You'll also recognize water as that liquid we all need to stay alive. If you see this, drink a glass of water. Remember to stay hydrated!
Learn more about Water