What's inside
What's inside
Key Ingredients
Benefits
Concerns
Ingredients Side-by-side
Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract
Antimicrobial
Water
Skin ConditioningTetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate
Antioxidant
Glycerin
Humectant
Simmondsia Chinensis Seed Oil
Emollient
Brassica Oleracea Italica Seed Oil
Emollient
Vitis Vinifera Seed Oil
Emollient
Lactobacillus
Skin Conditioning3-Glyceryl Ascorbate
Antioxidant
Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate
Antioxidant
Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate
Antioxidant
Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate
Antimicrobial
Helianthus Annuus Seed Oil
Emollient
Ferulic Acid
Antimicrobial
Cocos Nucifera Fruit Extract
Emollient
Tocopherol
Antioxidant
Beta-Glucan
Skin Conditioning
Ganoderma Lucidum Extract
Skin Protecting
Sodium Salicylate
Preservative
Beta-Sitosterol
Emulsion Stabilising
Cetearyl Olivate
Dicrateria Rotunda Oil
Skin Conditioning
Silybum Marianum Seed Extract
Skin ConditioningBehenyl Alcohol
Emollient
Sorbitan Olivate
Emulsifying
Xanthan Gum
EmulsifyingSqualene
Emollient
Lecithin
Emollient
Glutathione
Thioctic Acid
Antioxidant
Curcuma Longa Root Extract
Masking
Glycine Soja Oil
Emollient
Propanediol
Solvent
Potassium Sorbate
Preservative
Citric Acid
Buffering
Camellia Sinensis Leaf Extract, Water, Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate, Glycerin, Simmondsia Chinensis Seed Oil, Brassica Oleracea Italica Seed Oil, Vitis Vinifera Seed Oil, Lactobacillus, 3-Glyceryl Ascorbate, Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate, Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate, Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate, Helianthus Annuus Seed Oil, Ferulic Acid, Cocos Nucifera Fruit Extract, Tocopherol, Beta-Glucan, Ganoderma Lucidum Extract, Sodium Salicylate, Beta-Sitosterol, Cetearyl Olivate, Dicrateria Rotunda Oil, Silybum Marianum Seed Extract, Behenyl Alcohol, Sorbitan Olivate, Xanthan Gum, Squalene, Lecithin, Glutathione, Thioctic Acid, Curcuma Longa Root Extract, Glycine Soja Oil, Propanediol, Potassium Sorbate, Citric Acid
Water
Skin ConditioningGlycerin
Humectant
Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride
Masking
Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate
Antioxidant
Propanediol
Solvent
Triticum Vulgare Germ Oil
Emollient
Bacillus Lysate
Skin ProtectingSodium Hyaluronate
Humectant
Ferulic Acid
Antimicrobial
Hydrolyzed Jojoba Esters
Skin Conditioning
Pyridoxine Hcl
Skin ConditioningHydroxyethylcellulose
Emulsion StabilisingPolyglyceryl-3 Cocoate
Emulsifying
Polyglyceryl-4 Caprate
EmulsifyingPolyglyceryl-6 Caprylate
EmulsifyingPolyglyceryl-6 Ricinoleate
Emulsifying
Nannochloropsis Oculata Extract
HumectantUlmus Fulva Bark Extract
MoisturisingEthylhexylglycerin
Skin ConditioningFaex Extract
Skin ConditioningPullulan
Mannitol
Humectant
Xanthan Gum
EmulsifyingPhenoxyethanol
Preservative
Water, Glycerin, Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride, Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate, Propanediol, Triticum Vulgare Germ Oil, Bacillus Lysate, Sodium Hyaluronate, Ferulic Acid, Hydrolyzed Jojoba Esters, Pyridoxine Hcl, Hydroxyethylcellulose, Polyglyceryl-3 Cocoate, Polyglyceryl-4 Caprate, Polyglyceryl-6 Caprylate, Polyglyceryl-6 Ricinoleate, Nannochloropsis Oculata Extract, Ulmus Fulva Bark Extract, Ethylhexylglycerin, Faex Extract, Pullulan, Mannitol, Xanthan Gum, Phenoxyethanol
Ingredients Explained
These ingredients are found in both products.
Ingredients higher up in an ingredient list are typically present in a larger amount.
Ferulic Acid is a plant based antioxidant that can be naturally found in the cell walls of grains like rice, oats, and corn. It has antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, and has the ability to boost the performance of other antioxidants as well.
A well-known study found that adding Ferulic Acid to a solution of Vitamins C and E doubled the photoprotection of skin. This is why you'll often see it paired with Vitamin C or Vitamin E serums rather than sold on its own.
A 2025 review of 18 human studies found that using Ferulic Acid (0.5-1%) daily for one to three months showed improvements in:
As far as allergies go, Ferulic acid is generally well-tolerated but can cause an allergic reaction in very rare cases. It's also worth noting that Ferulic acid is often extracted from plant sources like rice bran or wheat bran, so be sure to path test if you have known grain allergies.
Outside of skincare, researchers are also looking into Ferulic Acid for its potential benefits in areas like diabetes, Alzheimer's, and heart health.
Learn more about Ferulic AcidGlycerin (or glycerol) is a compound naturally found in your skin. It's a powerhouse humectant that pulls water into the stratum corneum.
Topically, glycerin does several things at once:
Your skin makes glycerin on its own (mostly from sebaceous oil breakdown) and shuttles it to your outermost layer of skin, or your epidermis, via aquaporin-3.
Aquaporin-3 is a transporter that is essential for normal skin hydration, elasticity, and repair. Interestingly, mice lacking in AQP3 have dry and less elastic skin that can be fully corrected with glycerin.
This ingredient is non-irritating, plays well with almost every ingredient, and works across all skin types. Typical use is anywhere between 3-10% but can go up to 79% in some leave-on products.
Just know very high concentrations (>40%) can feel tacky in low humidity.
Glycerin is the name for this ingredient in American English. British English uses Glycerol/Glycerine.
Learn more about GlycerinPropanediol is an all-star ingredient. It softens, hydrates, and smooths the skin.Â
It’s often used to:
Propanediol is not likely to cause sensitivity and considered safe to use. It is derived from corn or petroleum with a clear color and no scent.
Learn more about PropanediolTetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate (THD) is a stable and oil-soluble form of Vitamin C.
THD is special in that it has the ability to travel deeper into skin than traditional ascorbic acid while maintaining the same skin benefits (double win!).
Because it’s oil-soluble, THD dives deep into your skin’s fatty layers (think ceramides and cholesterol) to fight off the kind of free radicals that mess with your skin barrier. This makes it a great pair with water-based vitamin C (ascorbic acid) that mainly works on the surface.
Even at just 0.1%, THD is already showing great antioxidant activity. When used up to 2%, it helps keep your skin happy and calm, especially when it’s stressed from pollution or sun.
Want to fade dark spots or tackle hyperpigmentation? You’ll want 5% or more. Pairing it with brightening buddies like niacinamide or licorice root gives even better results. One study even used 30% THD with other brighteners and saw real results on stubborn discoloration, even in melasma-prone skin.
A note on THD: It’s has a slightly silky, oily texture and usually shows up colorless or pale yellow (though the exact shade can vary by supplier).
While you can sneak it into water-based formulas, it really shines when paired with silicones or oils, which help your skin soak it up better.
THD is pretty stable, but it’s still vulnerable to degradation like ascorbic acid. Too much light or heat (above 113°F / 45°C) can break it down over time. Go for dark and opaque packaging that keeps it safe and shady!
Read more about other types of Vitamin C:
Learn more about Tetrahexyldecyl AscorbateWater. It's the most common cosmetic ingredient of all. You'll usually see it at the top of ingredient lists, meaning that it makes up the largest part of the product.
So why is it so popular? Water most often acts as a solvent - this means that it helps dissolve other ingredients into the formulation.
You'll also recognize water as that liquid we all need to stay alive. If you see this, drink a glass of water. Remember to stay hydrated!
Learn more about WaterXanthan gum is used as a stabilizer and thickener within cosmetic products. It helps give products a sticky, thick feeling - preventing them from being too runny.
On the technical side of things, xanthan gum is a polysaccharide - a combination consisting of multiple sugar molecules bonded together.
Xanthan gum is a pretty common and great ingredient. It is a natural, non-toxic, non-irritating ingredient that is also commonly used in food products.
Learn more about Xanthan Gum
