What's inside
What's inside
Key Ingredients
Benefits
Concerns
Ingredients Side-by-side
Water
Skin ConditioningDipropylene Glycol
HumectantGlycerin
HumectantNiacinamide
SmoothingGalactomyces Ferment Filtrate
HumectantArginine
MaskingAspartic Acid
MaskingGlycine
BufferingAlanine
MaskingSerine
MaskingThreonine
Isoleucine
Skin ConditioningHistidine
HumectantPhenylalanine
MaskingPCA
HumectantSodium PCA
HumectantSodium Lactate
BufferingLactobionic Acid
BufferingSodium Hyaluronate
HumectantMagnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate
AntioxidantSoluble Proteoglycan
Skin ConditioningBetaine
HumectantCentella Asiatica Extract
CleansingScutellaria Baicalensis Root Extract
AstringentPolygonum Cuspidatum Root Extract
AntioxidantJuniperus Oxycedrus Wood Extract
PerfumingMelaleuca Alternifolia Leaf Extract
PerfumingRosmarinus Officinalis Leaf Extract
AntimicrobialAnthemis Nobilis Flower Extract
MaskingSodium Caproyl Prolinate
HumectantPCA Ethyl Cocoyl Arginate
MoisturisingCeramide EOP
Skin ConditioningCeramide NP
Skin ConditioningCeramide Ag
HumectantCeramide AP
Skin ConditioningGlucosyl Ceramide
Skin ConditioningSodium Lauroyl Glutamate
SurfactantBeta-Glucan
Skin ConditioningHydrogenated Lecithin
EmulsifyingPhytol
EmollientButylene Glycol
HumectantTripropylene Glycol
AntioxidantXanthan Gum
EmulsifyingPEG-60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil
EmulsifyingEthylhexylglycerin
Skin Conditioning1,2-Hexanediol
Skin ConditioningCitric Acid
BufferingSodium Citrate
BufferingLavandula Angustifolia Oil
MaskingCitrus Limon Peel Oil
MaskingPelargonium Graveolens Oil
MaskingCitrus Aurantifolia Oil
CleansingLemongrass Oil
Juniperus Officinalis Oil
Rosmarinus Officinalis Leaf Oil
MaskingJuniperus Virginiana Oil
MaskingWater, Dipropylene Glycol, Glycerin, Niacinamide, Galactomyces Ferment Filtrate, Arginine, Aspartic Acid, Glycine, Alanine, Serine, Threonine, Isoleucine, Histidine, Phenylalanine, PCA, Sodium PCA, Sodium Lactate, Lactobionic Acid, Sodium Hyaluronate, Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate, Soluble Proteoglycan, Betaine, Centella Asiatica Extract, Scutellaria Baicalensis Root Extract, Polygonum Cuspidatum Root Extract, Juniperus Oxycedrus Wood Extract, Melaleuca Alternifolia Leaf Extract, Rosmarinus Officinalis Leaf Extract, Anthemis Nobilis Flower Extract, Sodium Caproyl Prolinate, PCA Ethyl Cocoyl Arginate, Ceramide EOP, Ceramide NP, Ceramide Ag, Ceramide AP, Glucosyl Ceramide, Sodium Lauroyl Glutamate, Beta-Glucan, Hydrogenated Lecithin, Phytol, Butylene Glycol, Tripropylene Glycol, Xanthan Gum, PEG-60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil, Ethylhexylglycerin, 1,2-Hexanediol, Citric Acid, Sodium Citrate, Lavandula Angustifolia Oil, Citrus Limon Peel Oil, Pelargonium Graveolens Oil, Citrus Aurantifolia Oil, Lemongrass Oil, Juniperus Officinalis Oil, Rosmarinus Officinalis Leaf Oil, Juniperus Virginiana Oil
Reviews
Ingredients Explained
These ingredients are found in both products.
Ingredients higher up in an ingredient list are typically present in a larger amount.
1,2-Hexanediol is a synthetic liquid and another multi-functional powerhouse.
It is a:
- Humectant, drawing moisture into the skin
- Emollient, helping to soften skin
- Solvent, dispersing and stabilizing formulas
- Preservative booster, enhancing the antimicrobial activity of other preservatives
Butylene Glycol (or BG) is used within cosmetic products for a few different reasons:
Overall, Butylene Glycol is a safe and well-rounded ingredient that works well with other ingredients.
Though this ingredient works well with most skin types, some people with sensitive skin may experience a reaction such as allergic rashes, closed comedones, or itchiness.
Learn more about Butylene GlycolEthylhexylglycerin is created from glycerin. It is a multitasker ingredient that:
The CIR Expert Panel found minimal skin absorption or sensitization of any kind in a safety assessment. Though this ingredient is considered well-tolerated, a small number of cases of allergic dermatitis have been published since 2002. Just be sure to patch test if you are unsure.
Industry-reported use ranges from 8% in rinse-off products and 2% in leave-on formulations.
Learn more about EthylhexylglycerinGalactomyces Ferment Filtrate (GFF) is a byproduct of fermenting Galactomyces yeast (the same yeast traditionally used to brew sake, Japan's beloved rice wine).
Sake brewers have long been known for their remarkably youthful hands. This is what actually first sparked scientific interest in GFF's skin benefits.
GFF works by stimulating filaggrin production in the skin. Filaggrin is a protein that binds structural proteins in the outer skin layer together to form a tight barrier that shields against allergens, bacteria, and moisture loss.
It's also a key building block of our natural moisturizing factors (NMF), or the network of compounds that keep skin plump and hydrated.
By boosting filaggrin, GFF helps strengthen both our barrier and our skin's ability to retain moisture.
Beyond hydration, GFF has notable antioxidant properties that help protect against oxidative stress and UV-induced inflammation.
Research also suggests it may help regulate sebum and keratin production. This could be an interesting option for those concerned about oiliness or skin texture.
Fungal acne:
This ingredient doesn't contain fatty acids or oils that could feed Malassezia, and the yeast used to make it (Galactomyces) is a different genera of fungi from Malassezia. The presence of one doesn't stimulate the other.
However, there is a concern raised by some communities that this ingredient could trigger a reaction in people who are broadly sensitive to yeast/fungal-derived ingredients.
Learn more about Galactomyces Ferment FiltrateNiacinamide is a multitasking form of vitamin B3 that strengthens the skin barrier, reduces pores and dark spots, regulates oil, and improves signs of aging.
And the best part? It's gentle and well-tolerated by most skin types, including sensitive and reactive skin.
You might have heard of "niacin flush", or the reddening of skin that causes itchiness. Niacinamide has not been found to cause this.
In very rare cases, some individuals may not be able to tolerate niacinamide at all or experience an allergic reaction to it.
If you are experiencing flaking, irritation, and dryness with this ingredient, be sure to double check all your products as this ingredient can be found in all categories of skincare.
When incorporating niacinamide into your routine, look out for concentration amounts. Typically, 5% niacinamide provides benefits such as fading dark spots. However, if you have sensitive skin, it is better to begin with a smaller concentration.
When you apply niacinamide to your skin, your body converts it into nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). NAD is an essential coenzyme that is already found in your cells as "fuel" and powers countless biological processes.
In your skin, NAD helps repair cell damage, produce new healthy cells, support collagen production, strengthen the skin barrier, and fight environmental stressors (like UV and pollution).
Our natural NAD levels start to decline with age, leading to slower skin repair, visible aging, and a weaker skin barrier. By providing your skin niacinamide, you're recharging your skin's NAD levels. This leads to stronger, healthier, and younger looking skin.
Another name for vitamin B3 is nicotinamide. This vitamin is water-soluble and our bodies don't store it. We obtain Vitamin B3 from either food or skincare. Meat, fish, wheat, yeast, and leafy greens contain vitamin B3.
The type of niacinamide used in skincare is synthetically created.
Learn more about NiacinamideSodium Hyaluronate is the salt form of hyaluronic acid. It is a long sugar chain that is naturally found in your skin, joints, and connective tissue that maintains hydration and elasticity.
In skincare, it works as a humectant. It pulls water from the environment and deeper layers of skin and binds it to the surface.
Interestingly, the size of the molecule affects its behavior:
Some clinical evidence links low molecular weight versions to improved wrinkle depth, elasticity, anti-inflammatory effects, and barrier repair.
Many serums use a blend of both weights so you can get surface hydration plus longer-lasting and deeper effects.
You'll typically see concentrations between 0.1-2% for this ingredient.
Learn more about Sodium HyaluronateWater. It's the most common cosmetic ingredient of all. You'll usually see it at the top of ingredient lists, meaning that it makes up the largest part of the product.
So why is it so popular? Water most often acts as a solvent - this means that it helps dissolve other ingredients into the formulation.
You'll also recognize water as that liquid we all need to stay alive. If you see this, drink a glass of water. Remember to stay hydrated!
Learn more about Water