What's inside
What's inside
Key Ingredients
Benefits
Concerns
Ingredients Side-by-side
Water
Skin ConditioningNiacinamide
Smoothing
Dipropylene Glycol
HumectantPentylene Glycol
Skin Conditioning
3-O-Ethyl Ascorbic Acid
Skin Conditioning
Isopentyldiol
Humectant
PEG-7 Glyceryl Cocoate
Emulsifying
Glycerin
Humectant
1,2-Hexanediol
Skin Conditioning
Arginine
Masking
Shikimic Acid
Skin ConditioningAcetyl Tetrapeptide-2
Skin Conditioning
Biosaccharide Gum-1
Humectant
Ascorbyl Propyl Hyaluronate
Skin Conditioning
Hydrolyzed Yeast Extract
Skin ConditioningGlycolipids
Skin ConditioningEthylhexylglycerin
Skin ConditioningFerulic Acid
Antimicrobial
Maslinic Acid
Antioxidant
Isoquercetin
Antioxidant
Ammonium Polyacryloyldimethyl Taurate
Emulsion StabilisingPropanediol
Solvent
T-Butyl Alcohol
Perfuming
Sodium Citrate
BufferingDisodium EDTA
Phenoxyethanol
Preservative
CI 15985
Cosmetic ColorantWater, Niacinamide, Dipropylene Glycol, Pentylene Glycol, 3-O-Ethyl Ascorbic Acid, Isopentyldiol, PEG-7 Glyceryl Cocoate, Glycerin, 1,2-Hexanediol, Arginine, Shikimic Acid, Acetyl Tetrapeptide-2, Biosaccharide Gum-1, Ascorbyl Propyl Hyaluronate, Hydrolyzed Yeast Extract, Glycolipids, Ethylhexylglycerin, Ferulic Acid, Maslinic Acid, Isoquercetin, Ammonium Polyacryloyldimethyl Taurate, Propanediol, T-Butyl Alcohol, Sodium Citrate, Disodium EDTA, Phenoxyethanol, CI 15985
Water
Skin ConditioningBis-PEG-12 Dimethicone
Emollient
Butylene Glycol
Humectant
Hydroxyethyl Urea
Humectant
Niacinamide
Smoothing
Mandelic Acid
Antimicrobial
Polymethylsilsesquioxane
Tranexamic Acid
Astringent
Lactic Acid
Buffering
Sodium Citrate
BufferingSodium Hydroxide
BufferingKojic Acid
Antioxidant
Plankton Extract
Skin ConditioningBacillus Ferment
Skin Conditioning
Acetyl Glycyl Beta-Alanine
Skin ConditioningGlycogen
HumectantEthylhexylglycerin
Skin ConditioningPropylene Glycol
Humectant
Glycerin
Humectant
Salicylic Acid
Masking
Citric Acid
Buffering
Xanthan Gum
EmulsifyingPolyacrylate Crosspolymer-11
Emulsion StabilisingAminoethylphosphinic Acid
Skin ConditioningDisodium EDTA
Sclerotium Gum
Emulsion StabilisingLecithin
Emollient
Pullulan
Pentylene Glycol
Skin Conditioning
Sodium Hyaluronate Crosspolymer-2
HumectantSilica
Abrasive
Potassium Sorbate
Preservative
Sodium Metabisulfite
Antioxidant
Phenoxyethanol
Preservative
Parfum
Masking
Water, Bis-PEG-12 Dimethicone, Butylene Glycol, Hydroxyethyl Urea, Niacinamide, Mandelic Acid, Polymethylsilsesquioxane, Tranexamic Acid, Lactic Acid, Sodium Citrate, Sodium Hydroxide, Kojic Acid, Plankton Extract, Bacillus Ferment, Acetyl Glycyl Beta-Alanine, Glycogen, Ethylhexylglycerin, Propylene Glycol, Glycerin, Salicylic Acid, Citric Acid, Xanthan Gum, Polyacrylate Crosspolymer-11, Aminoethylphosphinic Acid, Disodium EDTA, Sclerotium Gum, Lecithin, Pullulan, Pentylene Glycol, Sodium Hyaluronate Crosspolymer-2, Silica, Potassium Sorbate, Sodium Metabisulfite, Phenoxyethanol, Parfum
Ingredients Explained
These ingredients are found in both products.
Ingredients higher up in an ingredient list are typically present in a larger amount.
Disodium EDTA is a chelating agent. It grabs onto and deactivates metal ions that sneak into your products from water, packaging, or air.
This ingredient mainly works behind the scenes and helps with:
On top of that, this ingredient can counteract the effects of hard water by binding to the minerals in it.
One thing worth knowing is that Disodium EDTA has been shown to be a mild penetration enhancer. It can help other ingredients absorb into skin more effectively which can be a double-edged sword (great for actives, but can also make the active too strong if you have sensitive skin).
Clinical patch testing showed no significant skin irritation at typical use concentrations and minimal dermal absorption.
You'll most likely see this ingredient near the end of an ingredient list. It's typically found in concentrations less than 1%.
Learn more about Disodium EDTAEthylhexylglycerin is created from glycerin. It is a multitasker ingredient that:
The CIR Expert Panel found minimal skin absorption or sensitization of any kind in a safety assessment. Though this ingredient is considered well-tolerated, a small number of cases of allergic dermatitis have been published since 2002. Just be sure to patch test if you are unsure.
Industry-reported use ranges from 8% in rinse-off products and 2% in leave-on formulations.
Learn more about EthylhexylglycerinGlycerin (or glycerol) is a compound naturally found in your skin. It's a powerhouse humectant that pulls water into the stratum corneum.
Topically, glycerin does several things at once:
Your skin makes glycerin on its own (mostly from sebaceous oil breakdown) and shuttles it to your outermost layer of skin, or your epidermis, via aquaporin-3.
Aquaporin-3 is a transporter that is essential for normal skin hydration, elasticity, and repair. Interestingly, mice lacking in AQP3 have dry and less elastic skin that can be fully corrected with glycerin.
This ingredient is non-irritating, plays well with almost every ingredient, and works across all skin types. Typical use is anywhere between 3-10% but can go up to 79% in some leave-on products.
Just know very high concentrations (>40%) can feel tacky in low humidity.
Glycerin is the name for this ingredient in American English. British English uses Glycerol/Glycerine.
Learn more about GlycerinNiacinamide is a multitasking form of vitamin B3 that strengthens the skin barrier, reduces pores and dark spots, regulates oil, and improves signs of aging.
And the best part? It's gentle and well-tolerated by most skin types, including sensitive and reactive skin.
You might have heard of "niacin flush", or the reddening of skin that causes itchiness. Niacinamide has not been found to cause this.
In very rare cases, some individuals may not be able to tolerate niacinamide at all or experience an allergic reaction to it.
If you are experiencing flaking, irritation, and dryness with this ingredient, be sure to double check all your products as this ingredient can be found in all categories of skincare.
When incorporating niacinamide into your routine, look out for concentration amounts. Typically, 5% niacinamide provides benefits such as fading dark spots. However, if you have sensitive skin, it is better to begin with a smaller concentration.
When you apply niacinamide to your skin, your body converts it into nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). NAD is an essential coenzyme that is already found in your cells as "fuel" and powers countless biological processes.
In your skin, NAD helps repair cell damage, produce new healthy cells, support collagen production, strengthen the skin barrier, and fight environmental stressors (like UV and pollution).
Our natural NAD levels start to decline with age, leading to slower skin repair, visible aging, and a weaker skin barrier. By providing your skin niacinamide, you're recharging your skin's NAD levels. This leads to stronger, healthier, and younger looking skin.
Another name for vitamin B3 is nicotinamide. This vitamin is water-soluble and our bodies don't store it. We obtain Vitamin B3 from either food or skincare. Meat, fish, wheat, yeast, and leafy greens contain vitamin B3.
The type of niacinamide used in skincare is synthetically created.
Learn more about NiacinamidePentylene glycol is typically used within a product to thicken it. It also adds a smooth, soft, and moisturizing feel to the product. It is naturally found in plants such as sugar beets.
The hydrophilic trait of Pentylene Glycol makes it a humectant. As a humectant, Pentylene Glycol helps draw moisture from the air to your skin. This can help keep your skin hydrated.
This property also makes Pentylene Glycol a great texture enhancer. It can also help thicken or stabilize a product.
Pentylene Glycol also acts as a mild preservative and helps to keep a product microbe-free.
Some people may experience mild eye and skin irritation from Pentylene Glycol. We always recommend speaking with a professional about using this ingredient in your routine.
Pentylene Glycol has a low molecular weight and is part of the 1,2-glycol family.
Learn more about Pentylene GlycolPhenoxyethanol is a preservative that has germicide, antimicrobial, and aromatic properties. Studies show that phenoxyethanol can prevent microbial growth. By itself, it has a scent that is similar to that of a rose.
It's often used in formulations along with Caprylyl Glycol to preserve the shelf life of products.
Sodium Citrate is the sodium salts of citric acid. In skincare, it is used to alter pH levels and acts as a preservative.
Its main functions are to maintain the pH of a product and neutralize metal ions.
The acidity of our skin is maintained by our glands and skin biome; normal pH level of skin is slightly acidic (~4.75-5.5).
Being slightly acidic allows our skin to create an "acid mantle". This acid mantle is a thin barrier that protects our skin from bacteria and contaminants.
Learn more about Sodium CitrateWater. It's the most common cosmetic ingredient of all. You'll usually see it at the top of ingredient lists, meaning that it makes up the largest part of the product.
So why is it so popular? Water most often acts as a solvent - this means that it helps dissolve other ingredients into the formulation.
You'll also recognize water as that liquid we all need to stay alive. If you see this, drink a glass of water. Remember to stay hydrated!
Learn more about Water
