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Studies show low concentrations of this ingredient did not cause skin irritation:

Raw peppers may have a rubefacient effect, or mild local skin irritation resulting in vasodilation. Vasodilation is the widening of blood vessels. Due to this, peppers can provide a lip plumping effect. However, it is most likely not going to have a rubefacient effect, or cause skin irritation, in your cosmetics.

The antioxidant activity comes from its flavonoid, polyphenol, and sterol content.

This ingredient is water-soluble.

Ci 77891 is commonly found in sunscreens due to its ability to block UV rays.

For instance, Habanolide is a proprietary trade name for a specific aroma chemical. When used as a fragrance ingredient in cosmetics, most aroma chemicals fall under the broad labeling category of “FRAGRANCE” or “PARFUM” according to EU and US regulations.

The term 'parfum' or 'fragrance' is not regulated in many countries. In many cases, it is up to the brand to define this term.

For instance, many brands choose to label themselves as "fragrance-free" because they are not using synthetic fragrances. However, their products may still contain ingredients such as essential oils that are considered a fragrance by INCI standards.

One example is Calendula flower extract. Calendula is an essential oil that still imparts a scent or 'fragrance'.

Depending on the blend, the ingredients in the mixture can cause allergies and sensitivities on the skin. Some ingredients that are known EU allergens include linalool and citronellol.

Parfum can also be used to mask or cover an unpleasant scent.

The bottom line is: not all fragrances/parfum/ingredients are created equally. If you are worried about fragrances, we recommend taking a closer look at an ingredient. And of course, we always recommend speaking with a professional.