Name: Candle
Brand: Champneys

What's inside

Ingredients Explained

Citral

Perfuming

Citral is the molecule responsible for the fresh lemon scent in lemon, lime, and lemongrass. It is a fragrance ingredient that can be created from plant essential oils or synthetically.

Though Citral has documented antimicrobial activity against acne bacteria (which is where the marketing claims about it being good for acne-prone skin originate), real formulas use it at fragrance-level concentrations under 1% so there's likely no skin benefit.

You should know this ingredient is a known EU fragrance allergen.

Animal studies classifies this ingredient as a weak-to-moderate skin sensitizer and clinical patch testing on eczema patients confirmed it to be both a contact allergen and irritant.

The term 'citral' is a collective term for two geometric isomers: geranial/Citral A and neral/Citral B.

The term 'fragrance' is not regulated in many countries. In many cases, it is up to the brand to define this term. For instance, many brands choose to label themselves as "fragrance-free" because they are not using synthetic fragrances. However, their products may still contain ingredients such as essential oils that are considered a fragrance.

Learn more about Citral

Delta-Damascone

Masking, Perfuming

Delta-Damascone is a fragrance and is a type of silicone. It can cause irritation.

Linalyl Acetate

Masking

Linalyl Acetate is the acetate ester of linalool and can be naturally found in many flowers and spice plants.

This ingredient is often used to add a scent or mask an unpleasant one in products.

Linalyl acetate is mildly toxic to humans and toxic to fish.

Learn more about Linalyl Acetate

Tetramethyl Acetyloctahydronaphthalenes

Masking, Perfuming, Skin Conditioning

This ingredient is also known as ISO E Super. It is a synthetic perfuming and masking ingredient.

The manufacturer describes this scnet as amber and woody.

According to the EU, this ingredient is a known allergen and some people may develop skin sensitivity from repeated exposure.

Learn more about Tetramethyl Acetyloctahydronaphthalenes

Limonene

Perfuming, Solvent

Limonene is the compound that gives citrus peel its smell.

In skincare, it shows up as a standalone fragrance ingredient or as a natural compound of citrus and other essential oils.

You'll typically see this ingredient used in very small amounts; anything above 0.001% in a leave-on product or 0.01% in a rinse-off has to be named on the label in the EU. The citrus oils that carry it sit around 0.5-1% in a finished formula.

Fresh limonene is a weak allergen; the real issue is that it slowly reacts with air and then breaks down from oxidation to create hydroperoxides (which are strong sensitizers). This is why suppliers are required to keep the peroxide value below 20 mmol.

Positive reactions in people being investigated for eczema vary:

It's worth skipping if you have a known fragrance allergy or a compromised barrier, but the risk is low for most people.

Older or long-opened products are also more likely to bother you than fresh ones due to oxidation.

Learn more about Limonene

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