Palmitoyl Dipeptide-5 Diaminobutyroyl Hydroxythreonine

This ingredient is a synthetic lipopeptide that is often paired with its sibling, Palmitoyl Dipeptide-5 Diaminohydroxybutyrate, in a trade blend called Syn-Tacks.

It's main job is to target the dermal-epidermal junction. This junction starts to weaken around age 30 and its functino depends heavily on proteins to keep skin intact, firm, and resilient.

This ingredient works by stimulating all of these proteins simultaneously. Research on related peptide complexes has shown that topical application significantly increased dermal collagen expression with significant improvement in skin wrinkles observed after just 2 weeks.

Clinical data suggests using 1-3% concentration for visible results and most blends use this amount anyway.